Other skills

Determines when adrenal venous sampling may be skipped in primary aldosteronism. Applies to patients <35 years with spontaneous hypokalemia, marked aldosterone excess, and unilateral adrenal lesions suggestive of cortical adenoma on CT.

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Determines unilateral vs bilateral aldosterone excess based on cortisol-corrected aldosterone ratios from adrenal venous sampling, with ratio >4:1 indicating unilateral excess, ratio 3:1 suggestive of bilateral hypersecretion, and interpretation dependent on cosyntropin stimulation protocol used during sampling. Use when analyzing AVS results to guide surgical vs medical treatment decisions; triggers include 'AVS lateralization ratio', 'cosyntropin-stimulated AVS', 'aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio >4:1', and 'ratio 3:1 suggestive of bilateral disease'.

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Helps distinguish unilateral from bilateral adrenal disease based on 18-oxocortisol levels, which are typically higher in aldosterone-producing adenoma than idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia. Use when evaluating 18-oxocortisol results during PA workup to guide subtype classification after a positive ARR.

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Determines follow‑up interval for patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) based on age: annual visits for adults and children, and every 3–4 months for infants. Triggered when establishing routine endocrine care after PAI diagnosis or during stable management.

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Guide pre-endoscopy management decisions for patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide etc.), deciding whether to proceed, delay, or modify the approach based on GI symptoms, fasting status, and indication. Trigger when a clinician asks about GLP-1 RA and endoscopy, semaglutide before colonoscopy, Ozempic before procedure, or whether to hold a GLP-1 agonist before endoscopy.

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This skill suggests initiating antihypertensive treatment while continuing fludrocortisone when blood pressure remains uncontrolled after fludrocortisone dose reduction. Trigger phrases include "BP remains uncontrolled," "persistent hypertension," or "elevated BP despite fludrocortisone adjustment."

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Suggests using longer-acting glucocorticoids when standard hydrocortisone regimens are impractical due to nonavailability, poor adherence, or need for once-daily dosing. Triggers include glucocorticoid replacement therapy decisions where patients report difficulty with multiple daily doses, lack of access to hydrocortisone, or preference for simplified regimens.

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Administers immediate parenteral injection of 50–100 mg hydrocortisone for suspected adrenal crisis secondary to adrenal insufficiency. Triggers include hypotension, hypoglycemia, or acute illness in a patient with known adrenal insufficiency.

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Suggests using hydrocortisone 15–25 mg or cortisone acetate 20–35 mg daily in two or three divided oral doses for adult primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) patients initiating glucocorticoid replacement. The highest dose is given upon awakening, with the second dose either early afternoon (≈2 h after lunch) or split into lunch and afternoon doses; consider total daily dose calculation based on chosen formulation and frequency.

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Recommends hydrocortisone replacement dosing of 15–20 mg total daily, administered as a single dose or divided doses with the highest dose given in the morning upon awakening and the second dose in the afternoon (two-dose regimen) or second and third doses at lunch and late afternoon (three-dose regimen). Use when initiating glucocorticoid replacement for adrenal insufficiency; triggers include diagnosing adrenal insufficiency requiring glucocorticoid replacement.

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Administers 100-mg hydrocortisone IV bolus followed by continuous IV infusion of 200 mg HC per 24 hours (alternatively 50 mg IV every 6 hours) for patients undergoing major surgical stress. Use when managing patient with major surgical stress; triggers include patient undergoing major surgery.

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Guides comorbidity-stratified selection of initial and further glucose-lowering medicines for adults with type 2 diabetes using the NICE NG28 (2026) framework, covering six clinical profiles: no relevant comorbidity, heart failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, early onset, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and frailty.

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Recommends using the lowest tolerable hydrocortisone dose to potentially decrease risks of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in central adrenal insufficiency. Triggers include managing a patient with central adrenal insufficiency requiring glucocorticoid replacement.

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Decide whether a kidney from a brain-dead deceased donor (DBD) with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension is suitable for transplantation, using the ISOT 2025 Delphi consensus and Table 4 eligibility checklist. Trigger when a clinician asks "can I use a kidney from a diabetic deceased donor", "is this DBD with HTN/DM acceptable", "ECD donor with diabetes — accept or decline", "DBD eligibility for hypertensive donor", or shares a deceased donor with diabetes or hypertension and needs an accept/borderline/decline decision.

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Screen a child with obesity for red flags suggesting monogenic, syndromic, or secondary endocrine causes — distinguishing atypical from typical exogenous obesity. Trigger when a clinician asks whether obesity could be genetic or hormonal, suspects Prader-Willi syndrome, Cushing disease, hypothyroidism, ROHHAD, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, leptin deficiency, or craniopharyngioma, or when a child has early-onset severe obesity, short stature with obesity, hyperphagia, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, or developmental delay with weight gain.

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Suggests administering 25-75 mg hydrocortisone per 24 hours for 1-2 days in patients with adrenal insufficiency undergoing minor to moderate surgical stress. Triggers include patient undergoing minor to moderate surgery with known or suspected adrenal insufficiency.

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Suggests periodic screening for autoimmune diseases known to be more prevalent in PAI patients in whom autoimmune origin of PAI has not been excluded; optimal frequency unknown but can be done annually. Use when determining screening schedule for PAI patient with uncertain autoimmune origin.

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This skill suggests using prednisolone as an alternative glucocorticoid when hydrocortisone is unavailable for emergency treatment of adrenal crisis. Dexamethasone is the least-preferred option and should only be administered if no other glucocorticoid is available.

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This skill guides annual evaluation of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) for symptoms and signs of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid over- or under-replacement. Use during annual follow-up when assessing for weight changes, blood pressure abnormalities, edema, or symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, or salt craving.

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Complete bedside prescribing reference for Mirago (mirabegron, beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist) for overactive bladder — covering contraindications, safety screening, drug interactions, dose selection in special populations, titration, and administration. Use when a clinician asks how to start mirabegron, what dose to use in renal or hepatic impairment, is mirabegron safe in this patient, mirabegron drug interactions, or Mirago for OAB.

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Calculate the Maryland Aggregate Pathology Index (MAPI) on a deceased donor procurement kidney biopsy to predict graft survival and decide single vs dual vs discard allocation. Trigger when a clinician asks "what's the MAPI score", "interpret donor kidney biopsy", "should I use this marginal kidney", "MAPI cutoff for transplant", "procurement biopsy scoring", or has histology results from a deceased donor kidney and needs an objective grading.

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In patients with adrenal insufficiency receiving dexamethasone replacement, the guideline suggests increasing the dexamethasone dose when enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs are co-administered. Trigger phrases include "AI patient on dexamethasone starts enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug" or "AI patient on dexamethasone requiring enzyme-inducing AED".

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Recommends against dexamethasone for glucocorticoid replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) due to risk of Cushingoid side effects from difficult dose titration. Use when selecting a glucocorticoid for PAI management to avoid iatrogenic Cushing syndrome.

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Screen a child aged 13+ with obesity for eligibility for bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) using the CMAJ 2025 guideline. Trigger when a clinician asks whether a child qualifies for weight loss surgery, bariatric surgery in adolescents, sleeve gastrectomy in a teenager, or when to refer for surgical management of pediatric obesity.

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