biotender

Detect and track antimicrobial resistance genes using AMRFinderPlus and ResFinder with epidemiological context. Monitor resistance trends and identify emerging resistance patterns. Use when screening genomes for AMR genes or tracking resistance in surveillance programs.

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Assess genome assembly quality using QUAST for contiguity metrics and BUSCO for completeness. Essential for evaluating assembly success and comparing assemblers. Use when evaluating assembly completeness and quality.

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Calculates species richness, diversity, and turnover using the Hill number framework with iNEXT coverage-based rarefaction/extrapolation, asymptotic diversity estimation, and beta diversity partitioning (betapart turnover vs nestedness). Compares assemblages using coverage-standardized rather than size-standardized rarefaction. Use when quantifying biodiversity from species abundance or incidence data, comparing diversity across sites, or constructing rarefaction curves. Not for clinical 16S microbiome alpha/beta diversity (see microbiome/diversity-analysis).

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Call accessible chromatin regions from ATAC-seq BAM files using MACS3, MACS2, Genrich, or HMMRATAC. Use when identifying open chromatin from aligned ATAC-seq, choosing between point-source vs HMM peak callers, applying ENCODE-style pseudoreplicate IDR, removing blacklist regions, or fixing 501bp consensus peaks for downstream differential analysis.

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Identifies essential genes from CRISPR-Cas9 fitness screens using BAGEL2 (Kim & Hart 2021 Genome Med), a Bayesian classifier scoring per-gene Bayes Factors via log-likelihood ratios over per-sgRNA fold changes, calibrated against CEGv2 core-essentials (Hart 2017 G3, ~684 genes) and NEGv1 non-essentials (Hart 2014, ~927 genes). Covers the fc + bf + pr workflow, the linear-extrapolation improvement over BAGEL1 truncation, multi-target off-target correction, tumor-suppressor sensitivity (BAGEL2 detects enrichment), and BF-to-FDR calibration (BF >6 ≈ FDR 0.05 from Hart 2017). Use when classifying essential vs non-essential genes, calibrating BAGEL2 thresholds against PR curves, identifying tumor suppressors alongside essentials, comparing BAGEL2 hits to MAGeCK / drugZ, or generating publication-quality essentiality calls.

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Filter alignments by flags, mapping quality, and regions using samtools view and pysam. Use when extracting specific reads, removing low-quality alignments, or subsetting to target regions.

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Read, write, and convert multiple sequence alignment files using Biopython Bio.AlignIO. Supports Clustal, PHYLIP, Stockholm, FASTA, Nexus, and other alignment formats for phylogenetics and conservation analysis. Use when reading, writing, or converting alignment file formats.

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Detect allele-specific chromatin accessibility from ATAC-seq using WASP, GATK ASEReadCounter, or RASQUAL. Use when mapping cis-regulatory genetic variants from heterozygous SNPs, separating cis from trans regulation, building chromatin QTL (caQTL) maps, validating GWAS variant function with allelic imbalance, or detecting reference allele mapping bias before downstream analysis.

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Analyzes base-editing screens for variant function. Covers library design (Sanson 2020 GRACE, Hanna 2021 BRCA1/2 SNV scanning, Cuella-Martin 2021), CBE vs ABE chemistry choice (BE3/BE4 vs ABE7.10/ABE8.20/ABE8e), editing-window math (positions 4-8 from PAM-distal end, wider for ABE8e), bystander-edit quantification and the variant-call ambiguity it creates, sgRNA-efficiency filtering before hit calling, indel byproduct interpretation, the substitution-vs-indel diagnostic, variant annotation against ClinVar / COSMIC, and the Broad be-validation-pipeline. Use when designing a BE variant screen, choosing CBE vs ABE for a specific edit, interpreting bystander-confounded hits, distinguishing functional signal from indel artifact, integrating CRISPResso2 output with screen scoring, or deciding BE vs PE for SNV installation.

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Design guides for cytosine and adenine base editing using editing window optimization and BE-Hive outcome prediction. Select optimal positions for C-to-T or A-to-G conversions without double-strand breaks. Use when designing base editor experiments for precise nucleotide changes.

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BED file format fundamentals, creation, validation, and basic operations. Covers BED3 through BED12 formats, coordinate systems, sorting, and format conversion using bedtools and pybedtools. Use when working with genomic coordinates or preparing interval files for downstream tools.

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Create and read bigWig browser tracks for visualizing continuous genomic data. Convert bedGraph to bigWig, extract signal values, and generate coverage tracks using UCSC tools and pyBigWig. Use when preparing coverage tracks for genome browsers or extracting signal at specific regions.

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Statistical testing for differentially abundant proteins between conditions. Covers preprocessing (log2 transformation, normalization), limma and DEqMS workflows with empirical Bayes moderation, fold change shrinkage for accurate effect size estimation, and Python alternatives. Use when identifying proteins with significant abundance changes between experimental groups.

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Batch effect correction for CRISPR screens covering ComBat empirical-Bayes, RUV, SVA, control-sgRNA normalization, and the model-based alternative of including batch as a covariate in MAGeCK MLE or Chronos. Covers screen-specific batch sources (passage cohort, library lot, infection day, sequencing run, Cas9 lot, FBS lot), PCA + variance-decomposition diagnostic to decide if correction is needed, when correction harms biology by over-correcting condition into batch, limma removeBatchEffect for visualization-only correction, and relationship to multi-condition design matrices. Use when combining screens for joint analysis, when passage cohort confounds biology, when DepMap-style panels need Chronos with batch covariates, when picking ComBat vs RUV, or when correction harms biology and should be replaced with explicit covariate modeling.

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Integrate multiple scRNA-seq samples/batches using Harmony, scVI, Seurat anchors, and fastMNN. Remove technical variation while preserving biological differences. Use when integrating multiple scRNA-seq batches or datasets.

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Process multiple sequence files in batch using Biopython. Use when working with many files, merging/splitting sequences, or automating file operations across directories.

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Run Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with MrBayes, BEAST2, RevBayes, and PhyloBayes including MCMC convergence diagnostics and model comparison. Use when needing posterior probability support, Bayesian model averaging, site-heterogeneous models for deep phylogenies, or formal model comparison via stepping-stone sampling.

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Bead-based normalization for CyTOF and high-parameter flow cytometry. Covers EQ bead normalization, signal drift correction, and batch normalization. Use when correcting instrument drift in CyTOF or harmonizing data across batches.

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Quantify transcript expression using pseudo-alignment with Salmon or kallisto. Use when quantifying transcripts with Salmon or kallisto.

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Trim multiple sequence alignments using ClipKIT, trimAl, BMGE, Divvier, or HMMcleaner with mode selection guidance per downstream goal. Use when removing unreliable columns or contaminating residues before phylogenetic inference, HMM building, or selection analysis.

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Detect antimicrobial resistance genes using AMRFinderPlus, ResFinder, and CARD. Screen isolates and metagenomes for resistance determinants. Use when characterizing resistance profiles in clinical isolates, surveillance samples, or metagenomic data.

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Reconstruct ancestral states at internal phylogenetic nodes for sequences (PAML codeml, IQ-TREE --ancestral, GRASP, FastML), discrete traits (corHMM hidden-rate Markov, ape::ace, phytools::make.simmap stochastic mapping, BayesTraits), and continuous traits (phytools::fastAnc, geiger Brownian/OU, RPANDA). Use when designing constructs for ancestral protein resurrection, tracing trait evolution along a tree, performing stochastic character mapping, testing models of trait evolution (BM vs OU vs EB), inferring ancestral genome content via Dollo or DTL reconciliation, or quantifying ancestral-state uncertainty for downstream comparative analyses.

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Transfer gene annotations between genome assemblies using Liftoff for same-species annotation liftover and MiniProt for cross-species protein-to-genome alignment. Enables rapid annotation of new assemblies using existing reference annotations. Use when annotating a new assembly of a species with an existing reference annotation or mapping annotations across related species.

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Polish genome assemblies to reduce errors using short reads (Pilon), long reads (Racon), or ONT-specific tools (medaka). Essential for improving long-read assembly accuracy. Use when improving assembly accuracy with polishing tools.

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