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python-dev

Python 开发规范,包含 PEP 8 风格、类型注解、异步编程、性能优化等。当操作 .py, pyproject.toml, requirements.txt 文件时自动激活。

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<instructions>

Python 开发规范

参考来源: PEP 8、Google Python Style Guide


🛠️ 工具链与格式化

  • Black 为强制格式化标准。
  • Ruff 为首选代码静态检查工具(其速度极快且涵盖广泛规则)。
  • MyPy / Pyright 用于强制类型检查。

命名约定

类型规则示例
模块/包小写下划线user_service.py
类名大驼峰UserService
函数/变量小写下划线get_user_by_id
私有方法单下划线前缀_internal_logic

🐍 Pythonic 特色

  • 类型注解 (Type Hinting):所有公开接口必须定义类型。Python 3.10+ 优先使用 | 表示联合类型(Union)。
  • 生成器 (Yield):大数据处理必须使用生成器以降低内存消耗。
  • 上下文管理器:文件/连接/锁定操作必须使用 with 语句。

异步编程原则

  • 并发获取多个 I/O 密集任务时,使用 asyncio.gather(*tasks)。
  • 必须为并发量大的异步任务设置信号量 asyncio.Semaphore(limit)。
  • 耗时的 CPU 密集任务必须使用 multiprocessing 剥离,防止阻塞 Event Loop。

异常处理

# ✅ 捕获具体异常并记录堆栈
try:
    user = repository.find(id)
except DatabaseError as e:
    logger.error("Failed to find user %s", id, exc_info=True)
    raise ServiceError(f"DB error: {e}") from e

📋 本回复遵循:python-dev - [章节]

</instructions>

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