Java Testing Standards

Priority: P0 (CRITICAL)

Core Rule Anchors

• [BE-TEST-01] Parameterized Tests for Equivalent Cases: Prefer @ParameterizedTest (@CsvSource, @MethodSource) when methods have multiple equivalent inputs or boundary permutations. Distinct scenarios may stay separate test methods. Reviewers must not demand parameterized rewrites without a behavioral gap.
• [BE-TEST-02] Ban on Brittle DB Mock String Matching: Do not use string-matching mocks for raw SQL queries. Test pure domain calculations directly, or use Testcontainers for database repository verification.
• [BE-TEST-03] Ban on Shallow Assertions: Never assert only assertThat(result).isNotNull() without inspecting domain fields, status codes, and invariants.
• [BE-TEST-04] Ban on Pass-Through Interface Mocks: Repositories and service handlers must test contract compliance and error mapping. Ban 1:1 pass-through mock echoing without contract assertions.
• [BE-TEST-05] Bug-First Regression Lock: Every PR fixing a bug ticket or with title fix(...) must introduce a test reproducing the defect prior to the fix.

Implementation Guidelines

• JUnit 5 (Jupiter): Use @Test, @BeforeEach, and @AfterEach. Avoid JUnit 4 classes.
• Fluent Assertions: Use AssertJ (assertThat) over JUnit assertEquals — enhanced readability.
• Naming: Use MethodName_State_Result or @DisplayName("Check if X when Y").
• Parameterized Tests ([BE-TEST-01]): Use @ParameterizedTest with @ValueSource, @CsvSource, or @MethodSource.
• Mocking Strategy ([BE-TEST-04]): Use Mockito with @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class). Use @Mock, @Spy, and @InjectMocks. NEVER mock data-only Records.
• Integration Testing ([BE-TEST-02]): Use Testcontainers with @Container for real databases (PostgreSQL/Redis) in integration tests (*IT.java).
• Isolation: Each test method MUST be isolated and independent; use @DirtiesContext sparingly.
• AssertJ Chaining ([BE-TEST-03]): Chain assertions for clarity: assertThat(result).isNotNull().hasSize(2).contains("X").
• Mocking Verification: Audit observable contract outcomes and state changes; do not assert mock call counts or invocation sequences as a proxy for correctness.
• Exceptions: Use assertThatThrownBy(() -> ...) to verify specific Exception types and messages.
• Coverage: Coverage is diagnostic and project-configured; verify risk-weighted critical paths rather than padding code for an arbitrary percentage.

Anti-Patterns

• [BE-TEST-01] Stylistic parameterized rewrites: Do not demand parameterized refactoring of passing tests without a behavioral gap.
• [BE-TEST-02] Brittle DB mock string matching: Do not match raw SQL strings in mocks; use Testcontainers.
• [BE-TEST-03] Shallow assertions: Never assert only assertThat(result).isNotNull() without domain inspection.
• [BE-TEST-04] Pass-through mock echoing: Ban 1:1 mock echoing without contract verification.
• [BE-TEST-05] Bug fix without reproduction test: Ban bug fixes without a regression test.
• No Logic in Tests: Keep tests declarative; no loops or if/else branching.
• No System.out in Tests: Use assertions; never print to stdout.
• No Legacy Assertions: Use assertThat(a).isEqualTo(b), not assertTrue(a == b).
• No Shared State: Tests must be isolated and order-independent.

References

• Full JUnit 5 + Mockito + AssertJ Template