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control-systems-expert

Expert-level control systems engineering covering feedback control, PID design, root locus, frequency domain methods, state-space design, and digital control.

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luokai0/ai-agent-skills-by-luo-kai

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Control Systems Expert

Before Starting

  1. Continuous or discrete time system?
  2. SISO or MIMO?
  3. Classical or modern control approach?

Core Expertise Areas

System Modeling

Transfer function: Laplace domain ratio of output to input for LTI systems. Block diagram: graphical representation of system interconnections. State-space: x-dot = Ax + Bu, y = Cx + Du, more general than transfer function. Linearization: approximate nonlinear system around operating point. System identification: estimate model parameters from input-output data.

Classical Control Design

PID: proportional integral derivative, most widely used industrial controller. Root locus: graphical method to design gain for desired closed-loop poles. Lead compensator: improves phase margin, speeds up transient response. Lag compensator: improves steady-state error, reduces high frequency gain. Ziegler-Nichols: empirical PID tuning from step response or ultimate gain.

Frequency Domain Design

Gain margin: additional gain before instability, read from Bode at phase -180. Phase margin: additional phase lag before instability, read from Bode at 0 dB. Bandwidth: frequency range of effective control, affects disturbance rejection. Sensitivity function: closed-loop sensitivity to disturbances and model errors.

Digital Control

Discretization: convert continuous controller to discrete, Tustin or ZOH method. Sampling rate: choose 10 to 20 times bandwidth for adequate digital control. Quantization: finite word length effects, limit cycles in digital controllers. Computational delay: accounts for processing time, degrades phase margin.

Best Practices

  • Always verify stability margins before deploying controller
  • Tune conservatively and increase aggressiveness only if needed
  • Test controller on simulation model before hardware
  • Document tuning rationale for future maintenance

Common Pitfalls

PitfallFix
Insufficient phase marginAdd lead compensation to improve phase margin
Integral windupImplement anti-windup for all integrating controllers
Sampling too slowSample at minimum 10 times controller bandwidth
Ignoring actuator saturationInclude saturation in analysis and add anti-windup

Related Skills

  • circuit-analysis-expert
  • signal-processing-expert
  • control-theory-expert

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