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analyzing-rich-header-and-compiler-artifacts

Analyzes the PE Rich header and related compiler artifacts to fingerprint the build toolchain, cluster related samples, and detect inconsistencies that suggest tampering. Activates for requests to analyze a Rich header, fingerprint the compiler/linker, or cluster samples by build toolchain.

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Files included (4)

  • SKILL.md2.7 KB
  • LICENSE340 B
  • references/api-reference.md1.2 KB
  • scripts/analyst.py2.6 KB

SKILL.md (original)

Review the instructions the agent will receive before you install.

Analyzing Rich Header and Compiler Artifacts

When to Use

  • You have a Windows PE and want to fingerprint its build toolchain (compiler/linker product IDs and build numbers) from the Rich header.
  • You are clustering samples by toolchain or detecting Rich-header tampering/forgery.

Do not use the Rich header as definitive attribution — it can be copied or stripped. This skill reads the PE statically and executes nothing.

Prerequisites

  • The PE sample (read inertly).

Safety & Handling

  • Read bytes statically; treat the sample as malicious data.

Workflow

Step 1: Parse and decode the Rich header

python scripts/analyst.py rich sample.exe

Locates the Rich marker, recovers the XOR key (the DWORD after Rich), decodes the DanS- prefixed entries, and lists (product_id, build_id, use_count) tuples.

Step 2: Fingerprint the toolchain

Map product IDs to compiler/linker products and build numbers to identify the Visual Studio version(s) used.

Step 3: Compute a clustering hash

Hash the decoded Rich entries to produce a toolchain fingerprint for grouping related samples.

Step 4: Check for inconsistencies

Compare the Rich-derived linker version against the PE optional-header linker version; mismatches suggest tampering or a copied header.

Validation

  • The XOR key correctly decodes the DanS signature at the start of the block.
  • Decoded entries have plausible product IDs and use counts.
  • The toolchain fingerprint is reproducible across identical builds.

Pitfalls

  • Samples with no Rich header (non-MSVC toolchains, stripped headers).
  • Forged Rich headers copied from a benign binary.
  • Confusing the Rich checksum/key handling and misdecoding entries.

References

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