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diffing-malware-samples-to-find-changes

Compares two related malware samples to surface what changed between variants using section-level hashing, import-set differences, and fuzzy similarity scoring. Activates for requests to diff two samples, compare malware variants, or measure similarity between two binaries for variant tracking.

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Files included (4)

  • SKILL.md2.7 KB
  • LICENSE340 B
  • references/api-reference.md1.3 KB
  • scripts/analyst.py3.6 KB

SKILL.md (original)

Review the instructions the agent will receive before you install.

Diffing Malware Samples to Find Changes

When to Use

  • You have two related samples (suspected variants of one family) and want a fast, structural diff before a full BinDiff.
  • You need to quantify similarity and pinpoint changed sections/imports for variant tracking.

Do not use this as authoritative function-level diffing — that requires BinDiff/Diaphora on disassembly. This skill does structural/statistical diffing and executes nothing.

Prerequisites

  • Two sample files (read inertly). Optional: ssdeep/tlsh for fuzzy scores (degrade gracefully).

Workflow

Step 1: Structural diff

python scripts/analyst.py diff a.bin b.bin

Compares file size, per-section SHA-256 and entropy, and the import name sets, reporting added/ removed/changed sections and imports.

Step 2: Similarity score

Reports a byte-level similarity ratio and, if available, ssdeep/tlsh fuzzy-hash comparison scores.

Step 3: Prioritize changed regions

Changed sections (same name, different hash) and new imports are the high-value targets for deeper disassembly diffing.

Step 4: Document

Record what changed and the similarity score to support variant/lineage tracking.

Validation

  • Section comparison keys on section name; identical sections report equal hashes.
  • Import diff lists are accurate (added vs removed vs common).
  • Fuzzy-hash scores are reported only when the library is available, else clearly omitted.

Pitfalls

  • Recompilation shifting addresses makes raw byte diff noisy — rely on section/import structure.
  • Packers making both samples look similar (packed) while the payloads differ — unpack first.
  • Treating a high byte-similarity as proof of same author without corroboration.

References

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