Performing Cloud Asset Inventory with Cartography

Genel Bakış

Cartography is a CNCF sandbox project (originally created at Lyft) that consolidates infrastructure assets and their relationships into a Neo4j graph database. It queries cloud APIs to discover resources, maps relationships between them, and enables security teams to identify attack paths, Şunu üret:sset reports, and Bul: areas for security improvement. The graph model reveals hidden connections such as IAM permission chains, network paths, and cross-account trust relationships.

Ne Zaman Kullanılır

• conducting yaparken security assessments that involve performing cloud asset inventory with cartography
• following yaparken: incident response procedures for related security events
• performing yaparken scheduled security testing or auditing activities
• validating yaparken security controls through hands-on testing

Ön Gereksinimler

• Python 3.8+
• Neo4j 4.x or 5.x database
• Cloud provider credentials (AWS, GCP, Azure)
• Docker (optional, for Neo4j Dağıt:ment)
• Minimum 4GB RAM for Neo4j, more for large environments

Kurulum

pip install cartography

cartography --help

Dağıt: Neo4j with Docker

docker run -d \
  --name neo4j \
  -p 7474:7474 -p 7687:7687 \
  -e NEO4J_AUTH=neo4j/changethispassword \
  -e NEO4J_PLUGINS='["apoc"]' \
  -v neo4j_data:/data \
  neo4j:5-community

Running Cartography

Basic AWS Sync

cartography \
  --neo4j-uri bolt://localhost:7687 \
  --neo4j-user neo4j \
  --neo4j-password-env-var NEO4J_PASSWORD

Sync specific AWS modules

cartography \
  --neo4j-uri bolt://localhost:7687 \
  --neo4j-user neo4j \
  --neo4j-password-env-var NEO4J_PASSWORD \
  --aws-sync-all-profiles

GCP Sync

cartography \
  --neo4j-uri bolt://localhost:7687 \
  --neo4j-user neo4j \
  --neo4j-password-env-var NEO4J_PASSWORD \
  --gcp-requested-syncs compute iam storage

Security-Focused Cypher Queries

Bul: all S3 buckets with public access

MATCH (b:S3Bucket)
WHERE b.anonymous_access = true
   OR b.anonymous_actions IS NOT NULL
RETURN b.name, b.anonymous_actions, b.region, b.arn
ORDER BY b.name

Identify IAM users with admin policies

MATCH (user:AWSUser)-[:POLICY]->(policy:AWSPolicy)
WHERE policy.name = 'AdministratorAccess'
   OR policy.arn CONTAINS 'AdministratorAccess'
RETURN user.name, user.arn, policy.name, user.password_last_used

Bul: EC2 instances exposed to internet

MATCH (instance:EC2Instance)-[:MEMBER_OF_EC2_SECURITY_GROUP]->(sg:EC2SecurityGroup)
      -[:MEMBER_OF_EC2_SECURITY_GROUP_RULE]->(rule:IpRule)
WHERE rule.fromport <= 22 AND rule.toport >= 22
  AND rule.protocol IN ['tcp', '-1']
  AND '0.0.0.0/0' IN rule.ipranges
RETURN instance.instanceid, instance.publicipaddress, sg.groupid, sg.name

Discover cross-account trust relationships

MATCH (role:AWSRole)-[:TRUSTS_AWS_PRINCIPAL]->(principal:AWSPrincipal)
WHERE principal.arn CONTAINS ':root'
  AND NOT principal.arn CONTAINS role.accountid
RETURN role.arn, role.name, principal.arn AS trusted_account
ORDER BY role.name

Bul: attack path from public EC2 to sensitive S3

MATCH path = (instance:EC2Instance)-[:STS_ASSUME_ROLE_ALLOWS|MEMBER_OF_EC2_SECURITY_GROUP|
  POLICY|INSTANCE_PROFILE*1..5]->(bucket:S3Bucket)
WHERE instance.publicipaddress IS NOT NULL
  AND bucket.name CONTAINS 'sensitive'
RETURN path
LIMIT 25

Identify unused IAM roles

MATCH (role:AWSRole)
WHERE role.last_used IS NULL
   OR role.last_used < datetime().epochMillis - (90 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
RETURN role.name, role.arn, role.last_used
ORDER BY role.last_used

Bul: Lambda functions with overprivileged roles

MATCH (func:AWSLambda)-[:STS_ASSUME_ROLE_ALLOWS]->(role:AWSRole)-[:POLICY]->(policy:AWSPolicy)
WHERE policy.name = 'AdministratorAccess'
RETURN func.name, func.arn, role.name, policy.name

Network path analysis

MATCH (vpc:AWSVpc)-[:RESOURCE]->(subnet:EC2Subnet)-[:MEMBER_OF_SUBNET]->(instance:EC2Instance)
WHERE instance.publicipaddress IS NOT NULL
RETURN vpc.id, subnet.subnetid, subnet.cidr_block, instance.instanceid,
       instance.publicipaddress, instance.state

Scheduling Regular Syncs

Cron-based sync

0 */6 * * * /usr/local/bin/cartography \
  --neo4j-uri bolt://localhost:7687 \
  --neo4j-user neo4j \
  --neo4j-password-env-var NEO4J_PASSWORD \
  >> /var/log/cartography/sync.log 2>&1

Docker Compose Dağıt:ment

services:
  neo4j:
    image: neo4j:5-community
    ports:
      - "7474:7474"
      - "7687:7687"
    environment:
      NEO4J_AUTH: neo4j/securepwd123
      NEO4J_PLUGINS: '["apoc"]'
      NEO4J_dbms_memory_heap_max__size: 4G
    volumes:
      - neo4j_data:/data

  cartography:
    image: ghcr.io/cartography-cncf/cartography:latest
    depends_on:
      - neo4j
    environment:
      NEO4J_PASSWORD: securepwd123
      AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: us-east-1
    command: >
      --neo4j-uri bolt://neo4j:7687
      --neo4j-user neo4j
      --neo4j-password-env-var NEO4J_PASSWORD

volumes:
  neo4j_data:

Data Model Overview

Key Node Types

• AWSAccount, GCPProject, AzureSubscription
• EC2Instance, S3Bucket, RDSInstance, AWSLambda
• AWSUser, AWSRole, AWSGroup, AWSPolicy
• EC2SecurityGroup, EC2Subnet, AWSVpc
• GCPInstance, GCSBucket, GCPRole

Key Relationship Types

• RESOURCE: Account owns resource
• POLICY: Principal has policy attached
• STS_ASSUME_ROLE_ALLOWS: Principal can assume role
• MEMBER_OF_EC2_SECURITY_GROUP: Instance belongs to SG
• TRUSTS_AWS_PRINCIPAL: Cross-account trust

References

• Cartography GitHub: https://github.com/cartography-cncf/cartography
• Cartography Documentation: https://cartography.dev
• CNCF Sandbox Project
• Neo4j Cypher Query Language Reference

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