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crypto-toolkit

Handle encoded strings and cryptographic data with tool-based conversions. Decode layered formats, calculate hashes, encrypt or decrypt with AES and RSA, and inspect JWT tokens, which carry encoded headers and data used in authentication.

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编码解码与加解密工具 — base64/URL/Hex/HTML实体编码解码,MD5/SHA哈希,AES/DES/RSA加解密,JWT解析,Caesar/ROT13密码,栅栏/Vigenere密码,Unicode转义,Morse电码等

See how to install

Good for

  • Decoding strings with multiple layers of encoding
  • Calculating hashes and checking likely hash formats
  • Encrypting or decrypting data with a known key
  • Inspecting JWT contents and time-related claims

Files included (4)

  • SKILL.md5.1 KB
  • references/crypto-attacks-roadmap.md2.4 KB
  • references/crypto-attacks.md3.4 KB
  • references/encoding-cheatsheet.md2.4 KB

SKILL.md (original)

Review the instructions the agent will receive before you install.

编码解码与加解密 Skill

针对渗透测试中常见的编码、加密、混淆场景,提供全面的编解码和加解密能力。 重要:遇到任何编码/加密字符串时,优先使用 crypto_decode 工具进行解码,而非靠直觉猜测。

核心原则

  1. 工具优先 — 遇到 base64、hex、URL编码等字符串,调用 crypto_decode 工具解码,不要自行脑补
  2. 多格式尝试 — 如果一种解码方式结果不合理,尝试其他编码格式
  3. 链式解码 — CTF 中常见多层编码(如 base64→hex→ROT13),解码后检查结果是否还需再次解码
  4. 验证结果 — 解码后验证结果的合理性(是否为可读文本、是否像路径/URL/flag 等)

1. 编码识别与解码

常见编码特征识别

编码类型特征示例
Base64A-Za-z0-9+/= 结尾常有 = 填充TnNTY1RmLnBocA==
Base32A-Z2-7=OBZHK5DFN2A====
Hex0-9a-f 偶数长度4e73536354662e706870
URL编码%XX 格式%2F%61%64%6D%69%6E
HTML实体&#xNN; 或 &#NNN;<script>
Unicode转义\uXXXX 或 \UXXXXXXXX\u003c\u0073\u0063
JWT三段 . 分隔的 base64eyJhbG...

解码策略

  1. 识别编码类型 → 调用 crypto_decode 工具指定对应操作
  2. 检查解码结果是否可读/合理
  3. 不合理则尝试其他编码格式
  4. 如果结果仍像编码,重复步骤 1-3

2. 哈希与散列

常见哈希类型

类型输出长度特征
MD532 hexe10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
SHA140 hexaaf4c61ddcc5e8a2dabede0f3b482cd9aea9434d
SHA25664 hex2c26b46b68ffc68ff99b453c1d30413413422d7064...
SHA512128 hex更长的hex字符串
NTLM32 hexWindows hash
MySQL541字符*E6CC90B878B948C35E92B003C792C46758BF4

哈希处理策略

  • 识别哈希类型(通过长度和字符集)
  • 尝试在线彩虹表查询(通过 fetch 工具访问 crackstation 等)
  • 对于已知盐值的哈希,尝试带盐值暴力破解

3. 对称加密

AES/DES/3DES

  • 需要密钥和模式(ECB/CBC/CTR 等)
  • CBC 模式需要 IV
  • 常见填充:PKCS7/ZeroPadding
  • 渗透中常遇到硬编码密钥,优先从源码中提取

4. 非对称加密

RSA

  • 从公钥/私钥文件中提取参数
  • 模数过小的 RSA 可分解
  • 已知私钥可直接解密

5. 古典密码

类型特征破解方法
Caesar/ROT13字母位移暴力25种位移
Vigenere多表替换Kasiski/频率分析
栅栏密码字符分组重组尝试常见栏数
培根密码AB 五元组查表
Morse.- 点划查表

6. JWT 处理

  • 解码 Header + Payload(base64url)
  • 检查算法:none 算法绕过、RS256→HS256 算法混淆
  • 尝试弱密钥签名伪造
  • 检查 exp/nbf 等时间声明

工具使用

crypto_decode 工具

当遇到需要编码/解码/加密/解密的操作时,调用此工具:

crypto_decode(operation="base64_decode", input="TnNTY1RmLnBocA==")

支持的操作列表:

  • 编码: base64_encode, base32_encode, hex_encode, url_encode, html_encode, unicode_encode, rot13_encode, morse_encode, caesar_encode, base58_encode
  • 解码: base64_decode, base32_decode, hex_decode, url_decode, html_decode, unicode_decode, rot13_decode, morse_decode, caesar_decode, base58_decode
  • 哈希: md5_hash, sha1_hash, sha256_hash, sha512_hash
  • 加密/解密: aes_encrypt, aes_decrypt, des_encrypt, des_decrypt, rsa_encrypt, rsa_decrypt
  • JWT: jwt_decode, jwt_encode
  • 自动识别: auto_decode (自动识别编码类型并解码)

CTF 密码学攻击路由

当遇到密码学攻击场景(已知加密算法,需要恢复明文或密钥)时,优先使用 ctf-crypto Skill:

攻击场景路由到 ctf-crypto参考文档
RSA 小指数/共模/Wienerctf-cryptoreferences/rsa-attacks-cheatsheet.md
AES Padding Oracle/ECB 翻转ctf-cryptoreferences/aes-and-block-cipher-attacks.md
ECC 小子群/离散对数ctf-cryptoreferences/ecc-attacks-cheatsheet.md
PRNG/MT19937 预测ctf-cryptoreferences/prng-and-stream-cipher-attacks.md
古典密码(Vigenere/XOR)ctf-cryptoreferences/classic-cipher-attacks.md
格攻击/LWEctf-cryptoreferences/lattice-and-lwe-attacks.md

本 Skill 侧重编解码操作工具,密码学具体攻击方法和参数请参考 ctf-crypto。

参考文档

  • references/encoding-cheatsheet.md — 编码识别速查表
  • references/crypto-attacks.md — 密码学攻击手法
  • references/crypto-attacks-roadmap.md — 密码学攻击分类路由(根据题目特征选择攻击方法)

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