Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) Expert (2026 Edition)

English | Bahasa Indonesia

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English

Orchestration & Integration

Connects and orchestrates with relevant domain skills like anti-slop, ui-ux-pro-max, design-system-architect, brainstorming, zero-to-prod-orchestrator, and session-memory-manager to ensure cohesive execution.

Description

Applies Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) principles to web and mobile UI/UX designs. Covers the core triad (Hierarchy, Harmony, Consistency), Apple's HIG 2026 updates, Google Material Design 3, spatial design for Apple Vision Pro, and modern accessibility requirements.

Trigger Conditions

• Reviewing or critiquing a UI design for HIG violations.
• Making design decisions about typography scale, color usage, or layout hierarchy.
• Designing for multiple platforms (iOS, Android, web) with consistent patterns.
• Evaluating whether a UI feels "premium" or "amateur".
• Ensuring UI components follow platform conventions (button placement, nav patterns).

The Core HIG Triad

1. Hierarchy — Guide the User's Eye

Visual hierarchy controls where the user looks first, how attention flows across information, and how confident they feel taking action (Linear/Apple/Stripe caliber).

Modular Typographic Hierarchy & Optical Tracking:

/* Strict 5-tier typographic scale with optical letter-spacing */
.eyebrow { font-size: 0.6875rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.05em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--color-text-muted); }
.h1      { font-size: 2.5rem;    font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -0.025em; line-height: 1.15; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
.h2      { font-size: 1.75rem;   font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.02em;  line-height: 1.25; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
.h3      { font-size: 1.25rem;   font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: -0.01em;  line-height: 1.35; color: var(--color-text-primary); }
.body    { font-size: 0.9375rem; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0em;      line-height: 1.6;  color: var(--color-text-secondary); }
.caption { font-size: 0.75rem;   font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.01em;   color: var(--color-text-tertiary); }
.metric  { font-size: 2rem;      font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }

Spatial & Depth Hierarchy (Z-axis Surface Tiers):

• Canvas (L0): Neutral background base (bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-950).
• Surface (L1): Content cards and panels — crisp 1px border (border-neutral-200/80 dark:border-neutral-800) + subtle ambient shadow (shadow-xs).
• Raised (L2): Active popovers, dropdown menus, hover elevation — (shadow-md border border-neutral-200 dark:border-neutral-700).
• Overlay (L3): Modals, slide-over sheets with backdrop blur — (shadow-xl).
• Floating (L4): Global toasts, command palette, floating action docks — (shadow-2xl).

Color & Focus Hierarchy (60-30-10 Principle):

• 60% Base: Canvas and neutral containers.
• 30% Structure: Cards, borders, headers, and secondary surfaces.
• 10% Accent: Reserved strictly for the single primary conversion moment.
• Single Primary CTA Law: Exactly ONE primary emphasized button per screen. All secondary actions must use outline, tonal, or ghost styling to eliminate choice paralysis.
• Destructive Actions: Placed apart from primary paths, styled in danger color, with mandatory confirmation modals.

Gestalt Proximity & Layout Scanability:

• Law of Proximity: Control-label pairs must sit within 4–6px (gap-1.5). Distinct fieldsets sit at 16–24px. Page sections sit at 64–96px (py-16 md:py-24).
• F-Pattern Layout: Left-aligned anchors for analytical dashboards, documents, and data tables.
• Z-Pattern Layout: Diagonal flow for landing heroes and marketing narratives.

2. Harmony — Visual Cohesion

All elements should feel like they belong to the same family.

Spacing Scale (8pt Grid):

4px   → xs gaps (icon padding, tight list items)
8px   → sm (between related elements)
16px  → md (card padding, section spacing)
24px  → lg (between sections)
32px  → xl (between major blocks)
48px  → 2xl (page-level separation)

Border Radius Consistency:

• Small elements (badges, chips): rounded-full or rounded-sm
• Medium elements (inputs, buttons): rounded-md
• Large elements (cards, modals): rounded-xl
• Never mix rounded-none with rounded-2xl in the same screen

Color Harmony:

Analogous:     Brand + ±30° hue neighbors (natural, calm)
Complementary: Brand + 180° (high contrast, CTAs)
Triadic:       Brand + 120°/240° (vibrant, use sparingly)
Monochromatic: Single hue, varying lightness (professional)

3. Consistency — Reduce Cognitive Load

Users should never wonder "how does this work?" — patterns should be predictable.

Platform Conventions (Web):

• Primary CTA: top-right (desktop nav) or bottom-center (mobile)
• Destructive actions: always require confirmation dialogs
• Form submission: Enter key submits, Escape cancels/closes
• Navigation: Breadcrumbs for 3+ depth levels
• Empty states: Always provide an actionable CTA

Component Consistency Checklist:

• Visual hierarchy is unmistakable: primary CTA stands out, secondary actions are subdued.
• Typographic scale applies optical tracking (tracking-tight on large titles, tracking-wider on eyebrows).
• Tabular numerals (tabular-nums) are enforced on all metrics, prices, and counters.
• All buttons use the same radius (rounded-md everywhere).
• All modals have the same padding (p-6) and close behavior (Escape key).
• All form inputs have the same height (h-9) and focus ring style.
• All error messages appear in the same position (below the input field).
• All tables use the same row height, tabular numerals, and hover style.

Apple HIG 2026 Updates

Spatial Design (Vision Pro)

• Use depth as an organizational tool — foreground elements are more important.
• Avoid placing interactive elements outside comfortable viewing angles (±45° center).
• Use glass morphism (backdrop-blur) for panels to maintain spatial context.
• Prefer indirect input (gaze + pinch) over precise pointer interactions.

iOS 18 Design Patterns

• Liquid Glass: Full glass-morphism on navigation bars and toolbars.
• Adaptive layouts: Single codebase adapts from iPhone to iPad to Mac.
• Symbols: SF Symbols 6 with variable rendering (multicolor, hierarchical).
• Menu patterns: Context menus replace modal bottom sheets where possible.

Material Design 3 (Google) — Modern Architecture (https://m3.material.io/)

1. Dynamic Color & Algorithmic HCT System

M3 generates accessible, harmonious color palettes dynamically from a seed color or wallpaper using Google's HCT (Hue, Chroma, Tone) perceptual color model:

import { argbFromHex, themeFromSourceColor } from '@material/material-color-utilities';

// Generates 5 tonal palettes (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Neutral, Neutral Variant)
const theme = themeFromSourceColor(argbFromHex('#6750A4'));
// light/dark schemes guarantee WCAG AA contrast (Tone difference >= 40 or 50)

2. Surface Container Hierarchy (Shadowless Elevation)

Rather than relying solely on heavy drop shadows, modern M3 establishes depth through Surface Container Tonal Tiers:

• surface-dim / surface / surface-bright: Root viewport surfaces.
• surface-container-lowest & surface-container-low: Recessed or grouped cards.
• surface-container: Default card, dialog, and panel containment.
• surface-container-high & surface-container-highest: Elevated sheets, menus, and search bars.

3. Component Hierarchy & Tonal Tiers

• Buttons (5 Tiers):
  • Filled: High-emphasis primary action (bg-primary text-on-primary).
  • Tonal: Medium-high emphasis alternative (bg-secondary-container text-on-secondary-container).
  • Elevated: High emphasis on textured/busy backgrounds with subtle shadow.
  • Outlined: Medium-low emphasis secondary actions with clean border (border-outline).
  • Text: Lowest emphasis action inside cards, dialog actions, or flat lists.
• Cards (3 Tiers): Elevated (resting 1dp shadow), Filled (surface-container-highest), and Outlined (border-outline-variant).
• Chips (4 Types): Assist (smart actions), Filter (toggled state), Input (tags/recipients), Suggestion (AI prompts).
• Navigation Adaptive Tiers:
  • Compact (<600dp): Navigation Bar (Bottom 80dp, active pill indicator).
  • Medium (600-839dp): Navigation Rail (Side 80dp, top FAB + icon destinations).
  • Expanded (>=840dp): Navigation Drawer (Side 280-360dp, full persistent sidebar).

4. Design Triad Synthesis: Apple HIG vs Google M3

Dimension	Apple Human Interface Guidelines (HIG)	Google Material Design 3 (M3)
Core Philosophy	Content-First, Deference, Clarity	Expressive, Adaptive, Personalization (Material You)
Depth & Materials	Liquid Glass, Vibrancy, Backdrop Blurs	Surface Container Tonal Tiers + Tonal Tinting
Color Model	Semantic System Colors + Dark Mode Pairs	Algorithmic HCT Space + 5 Dynamic Tonal Palettes
Iconography	SF Symbols 6 (Multicolor, Hierarchical)	Material Symbols (Variable axes: Weight, Grade, Fill)
Touch Targets	Minimum 44×44pt	Recommended 48×48dp (Minimum 24×24dp)
Corner Curvature	Continuous Squircle / Superellipse	Explicit Radii Scale (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 28, 9999px)

HIG Audit Protocol

When reviewing a design, check:

1. Hierarchy: Is the primary action immediately obvious? Is text contrast sufficient?
2. Harmony: Is spacing consistent (8pt grid)? Are border radii uniform?
3. Consistency: Do interactive elements follow platform conventions?
4. Accessibility: Does it pass WCAG 2.2? Are touch targets ≥ 24×24px?
5. Platform fit: Does it feel native to its target platform?
6. Anti-Slop Visual Cleanliness (anti-slop): Are generic purple/cyan AI gradients banned? Are all 5 interactive states accounted for? Is the content free of "Lorem Ipsum" filler? Are border-radii coherent across the entire view?

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Bahasa Indonesia

Integrasi Orkestrasi

Terhubung dan mengorkestrasi skill domain yang relevan seperti anti-slop, ui-ux-pro-max, design-system-architect, brainstorming, zero-to-prod-orchestrator, dan session-memory-manager untuk memastikan eksekusi yang kohesif.

Deskripsi

Menerapkan prinsip Human Interface Guidelines (HIG) pada desain UI/UX web dan mobile. Mencakup triad inti (Hierarchy, Harmony, Consistency), pembaruan Apple HIG 2026, Google Material Design 3, desain spasial untuk Apple Vision Pro, dan persyaratan aksesibilitas modern.

Kondisi Pemicu

• Meninjau atau mengkritik desain UI untuk pelanggaran HIG.
• Membuat keputusan desain tentang skala tipografi, penggunaan warna, atau hierarki tata letak.
• Merancang untuk berbagai platform (iOS, Android, web) dengan pola yang konsisten.
• Mengevaluasi apakah UI terasa "premium" atau "amatir".
• Memastikan komponen UI mengikuti konvensi platform.

Triad HIG Inti

1. Hierarki — Pandu Mata Pengguna

Hierarki visual mengontrol ke mana pengguna melihat pertama kali, bagaimana perhatian mengalir melintasi informasi, dan memunculkan rasa percaya diri saat mengambil aksi (standar kaliber Apple/Linear/Stripe).

• Skala Tipografi Modular & Tracking Optik:

  • Eyebrow: 11px / 0.6875rem, bobot 600, tracking-wider, uppercase — konteks kategori tanpa berebut fokus.
  • Judul Utama (H1): 40px / 2.5rem, bobot 700, tracking-tight, leading padat (1.15) — jangkar otoritas visual.
  • Subjudul (H2): 28px / 1.75rem, bobot 600, tracking-tight, leading 1.25.
  • Judul Bagian (H3): 20px / 1.25rem, bobot 600, leading 1.35.
  • Teks Tubuh (Body): 15–16px, bobot 400, leading santai (1.6) untuk kenyamanan membaca.
  • Angka Metrik: Wajib menggunakan angka tabular (tabular-nums) agar angka metrik dan tabel tidak bergeser horizontal saat berubah.

• Tingkatan Permukaan & Elevasi Sumbu-Z:

  • Kanvas (L0): Latar belakang aplikasi netral (bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-950).
  • Surface (L1): Kartu dan panel konten — border 1px tajam (border-neutral-200/80 dark:border-neutral-800) dipadu bayangan ambient mikro (shadow-xs).
  • Raised (L2): Popover, dropdown, kartu hover (shadow-md border border-neutral-200 dark:border-neutral-700).
  • Overlay (L3): Dialog modal, slide-over dengan backdrop halus (shadow-xl).
  • Floating (L4): Toast notifikasi, command palette, dock navigasi melayang (shadow-2xl).

• Hierarki Warna & Fokus (Aturan 60-30-10):

  • 60% Basis: Kanvas dan latar belakang netral.
  • 30% Struktur: Kartu, batas pembatas, header, dan permukaan sekunder.
  • 10% Aksen: Dikhususkan eksklusif untuk momen konversi utama.
  • Hukum Single Primary CTA: Hanya SATU tombol aksi utama yang menonjol per layar. Aksi sekunder wajib bergaya outline atau ghost.
  • Aksi Destruktif: Berwarna merah, diletakkan terpisah dari CTA utama, wajib dengan dialog konfirmasi.

• Kedekatan Gestalt & Pola Pindai:

  • Hukum Kedekatan: Label dan kontrol berjarak rapat (4–6px). Grup form berjarak 16–24px. Seksi halaman berjarak lega (64–96px).
  • Pola F: Untuk dashboard analitik, feed data, dan tabel.
  • Pola Z: Untuk landing page promosi dan alur pengenalan produk.

2. Harmoni — Kohesi Visual

Semua elemen harus terasa seperti milik keluarga yang sama.

• Skala spacing (grid 8pt): 4px, 8px, 16px, 24px, 32px, 48px.
• Konsistensi border radius: Elemen kecil (rounded-full), sedang (rounded-md), besar (rounded-xl). Jangan campurkan rounded-none dengan rounded-2xl di layar yang sama.
• Harmoni warna: Analogis, komplementer, triadik, atau monokromatik — pilih satu skema dan patuhi.

3. Konsistensi — Kurangi Beban Kognitif

Pengguna tidak pernah bertanya-tanya "bagaimana cara ini bekerja?" — pola harus dapat diprediksi.

• Konvensi platform: CTA utama di kanan atas (nav desktop) atau bawah tengah (mobile).
• Aksi destruktif selalu memerlukan dialog konfirmasi.
• Semua komponen sejenis menggunakan radius, padding, dan perilaku yang sama.

Pembaruan Apple HIG 2026

Desain Spasial (Vision Pro)

Gunakan kedalaman sebagai alat organisasi. Gunakan glass-morphism (backdrop-blur) untuk panel. Hindari elemen interaktif di luar sudut pandang yang nyaman.

Pola iOS 18

Liquid Glass untuk navigation bar. Tata letak adaptif dari iPhone ke iPad ke Mac. SF Symbols 6 dengan rendering variabel.

Material Design 3 (Google) — Arsitektur Modern (https://m3.material.io/)

1. Warna Dinamis & Sistem HCT Algoritmik

M3 menghasilkan palet warna yang harmonis dan aksesibel secara dinamis dari warna seed atau wallpaper pengguna menggunakan model warna perseptual HCT (Hue, Chroma, Tone):

import { argbFromHex, themeFromSourceColor } from '@material/material-color-utilities';

// Menghasilkan 5 palet tonal (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Neutral, Neutral Variant)
const theme = themeFromSourceColor(argbFromHex('#6750A4'));
// Skema mode terang/gelap menjamin kontras WCAG AA (perbedaan Tone >= 40 atau 50)

2. Hierarki Surface Container (Elevasi Tanpa Bayangan Tebal)

Alih-alih hanya mengandalkan drop shadow tebal, M3 modern menetapkan kedalaman melalui Tingkatan Tonal Surface Container:

• surface-dim / surface / surface-bright: Permukaan viewport dasar.
• surface-container-lowest & surface-container-low: Kartu bersarang atau pengelompokan list.
• surface-container: Kontainer default kartu, dialog, dan panel.
• surface-container-high & surface-container-highest: Lembar melayang (sheet), menu, dan search bar.

3. Hierarki Komponen & Tingkatan Tonal

• Tombol (5 Tingkatan):
  • Filled: Aksi utama berpenekanan tinggi (bg-primary text-on-primary).
  • Tonal: Alternatif berpenekanan sedang-tinggi (bg-secondary-container text-on-secondary-container).
  • Elevated: Penekanan tinggi pada latar belakang bertekstur/sibuk dengan bayangan halus.
  • Outlined: Aksi sekunder berpenekanan sedang-rendah dengan garis batas bersih (border-outline).
  • Text: Aksi berpenekanan terendah di dalam kartu, dialog, atau list datar.
• Kartu (3 Tingkat): Elevated (bayangan 1dp saat diam), Filled (surface-container-highest), dan Outlined (border-outline-variant).
• Chip (4 Tipe): Assist (aksi pintar), Filter (status toggle), Input (tag/entitas), Suggestion (rekomendasi AI).
• Navigasi Adaptif M3:
  • Compact (<600dp): Navigation Bar (Bawah 80dp, indikator pil aktif).
  • Medium (600-839dp): Navigation Rail (Sisi vertikal 80dp, FAB atas + ikon destinasi).
  • Expanded (>=840dp): Navigation Drawer (Sidebar permanen 280-360dp).

4. Sintesis Triad Desain: Apple HIG vs Google M3

Dimensi	Apple Human Interface Guidelines (HIG)	Google Material Design 3 (M3)
Filosofi Inti	Content-First, Deference, Kejelasan	Ekspresif, Adaptif, Personalisasi (Material You)
Kedalaman & Material	Liquid Glass, Vibrancy, Efek Blur	Tingkatan Tonal Surface Container + Surface Tinting
Model Warna	Semantic System Colors + Pasangan Dark Mode	Ruang Algoritmik HCT + 5 Palet Tonal Dinamis
Ikonografi	SF Symbols 6 (Multicolor, Hierarchical)	Material Symbols (Variabel: Weight, Grade, Fill)
Target Sentuh	Minimal 44×44pt	Disarankan 48×48dp (Minimal 24×24dp)
Kelengkungan Sudut	Continuous Squircle / Superellipse	Skala Radius Eksplisit (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 28, 9999px)

Protokol Audit HIG

Saat meninjau desain, periksa:

1. Hierarki: Apakah aksi utama langsung terlihat jelas? Apakah kontras teks memadai?
2. Harmoni: Apakah spacing konsisten (grid 8pt)? Apakah border radius seragam?
3. Konsistensi: Apakah elemen interaktif mengikuti konvensi platform?
4. Aksesibilitas: Apakah lulus WCAG 2.2? Apakah target sentuh ≥ 24×24px?
5. Kesesuaian Platform: Apakah terasa native untuk platform target?
6. Kebersihan Visual Anti-Slop (anti-slop): Apakah gradien neon AI ungu/sian generik dilarang? Apakah kelima status interaktif terpenuhi? Apakah konten bebas dari teks pengisi "Lorem Ipsum"? Apakah border-radius seragam dan koheren di seluruh layar?