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api-versioning-strategy

Implements API versioning using URL paths, headers, or query parameters with backward compatibility and deprecation strategies. Use when managing multiple API versions, planning breaking changes, or designing migration paths.

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API Versioning Strategy

Choose and implement API versioning approaches with proper deprecation timelines.

Versioning Methods

MethodExampleProsCons
URL Path/api/v1/usersClear, cache-friendlyURL clutter
HeaderAPI-Version: 1Clean URLsHidden, harder to test
Query?version=1Easy to useNot RESTful

URL Path Versioning (Recommended)

const v1Router = require('./routes/v1');
const v2Router = require('./routes/v2');

app.use('/api/v1', v1Router);
app.use('/api/v2', v2Router);

Version Adapter Pattern

// Transform between versions
const v1ToV2 = (v1Response) => ({
  data: {
    type: 'user',
    id: v1Response.user_id,
    attributes: {
      name: v1Response.user_name,
      email: v1Response.email
    }
  }
});

Deprecation Headers

app.use('/api/v1', (req, res, next) => {
  res.setHeader('Deprecation', 'true');
  res.setHeader('Sunset', 'Sat, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT');
  res.setHeader('Link', '</api/v2>; rel="successor-version"');
  next();
});

Safe vs Breaking Changes

Safe Changes (no version bump):

  • Adding optional fields
  • Adding new endpoints
  • Adding optional parameters

Breaking Changes (requires new version):

  • Removing fields
  • Changing field types
  • Restructuring responses
  • Removing endpoints

Deprecation Timeline

PhaseDurationActions
Deprecated3 monthsAdd headers, docs
Sunset Announced3 monthsEmail users
Read-Only1 monthDisable writes
Shutdown-Return 410 Gone

Best Practices

  • Support N-1 versions minimum
  • Provide 6+ months migration window
  • Include migration guides with code examples
  • Monitor version usage to inform deprecation

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