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rest-api-design

Designs RESTful APIs with proper resource naming, HTTP methods, status codes, and response formats. Use when building new APIs, establishing API conventions, or designing developer-friendly interfaces.

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REST API Design

Design RESTful APIs with proper conventions and developer experience.

Resource Naming

# Good - nouns, plural, hierarchical
GET    /api/users
GET    /api/users/123
GET    /api/users/123/orders
POST   /api/users
PATCH  /api/users/123
DELETE /api/users/123

# Bad - verbs, actions in URL
GET    /api/getUsers
POST   /api/createUser
POST   /api/users/123/delete

HTTP Methods

MethodPurposeIdempotent
GETRead resourceYes
POSTCreate resourceNo
PUTReplace resourceYes
PATCHPartial updateYes
DELETERemove resourceYes

Status Codes

CodeMeaningUse For
200OKSuccessful GET, PATCH
201CreatedSuccessful POST
204No ContentSuccessful DELETE
400Bad RequestValidation errors
401UnauthorizedMissing auth
403ForbiddenInsufficient permissions
404Not FoundResource doesn't exist
429Too Many RequestsRate limited

Response Format

{
  "data": {
    "id": "123",
    "type": "user",
    "attributes": {
      "name": "John",
      "email": "john@example.com"
    }
  },
  "meta": {
    "requestId": "req_abc123"
  }
}

Collection Response

{
  "data": [...],
  "pagination": {
    "page": 1,
    "limit": 20,
    "total": 150,
    "totalPages": 8
  },
  "links": {
    "self": "/api/users?page=1",
    "next": "/api/users?page=2"
  }
}

Query Parameters

GET /api/products?category=electronics    # Filtering
GET /api/products?sort=-price,name        # Sorting
GET /api/products?page=2&limit=20         # Pagination
GET /api/products?fields=id,name,price    # Field selection

Best Practices

  • Use nouns for resources, not verbs
  • Version API via URL path (/api/v1/)
  • Return appropriate status codes
  • Include pagination for collections
  • Document with OpenAPI/Swagger

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