Build and troubleshoot Shopify themes, apps, and custom storefronts with task-specific references. It covers Liquid, Shopify’s template language, API data access, custom business rules, and performance improvements, using API version 2026-01.
Complete Shopify development reference covering Liquid templating, OS 2.0 themes, GraphQL APIs, Hydrogen, Functions, and performance optimization (API v2026-01). Use when working with .liquid files, building Shopify themes or apps, writing GraphQL queries for Shopify, debugging Liquid errors, creating app extensions, migrating from Scripts to Functions, or building headless storefronts. Triggers on "Shopify", "Liquid template", "Hydrogen", "Storefront API", "theme development", "Shopify Functions", "Polaris". Do NOT use for non-Shopify e-commerce platforms.
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Comprehensive reference for professional Shopify development - API version 2026-01.
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| API version | 2026-01 (stable) |
| GraphQL Admin | POST https://{store}.myshopify.com/admin/api/2026-01/graphql.json |
| Storefront API | POST https://{store}.myshopify.com/api/2026-01/graphql.json |
| Ajax API (theme) | /cart.js, /cart/add.js, /cart/change.js |
| CLI install | npm install -g @shopify/cli |
| Theme dev | shopify theme dev --store {store}.myshopify.com |
| App dev | shopify app dev |
| Deploy | shopify app deploy |
| Docs | shopify.dev |
Read the reference file(s) that match your task:
Liquid templating - writing or debugging .liquid files:
Theme development - building or customising themes:
API integration - fetching or modifying data programmatically:
App development - building Shopify apps:
Serverless logic - custom business rules:
Headless commerce - custom storefronts:
Optimisation and troubleshooting:
| Deprecated | Replacement | Deadline |
|---|---|---|
| Shopify Scripts | Shopify Functions | August 2025 (migration), sundown TBD |
| checkout.liquid | Checkout Extensibility | August 2024 (Plus), done |
| REST Admin API | GraphQL Admin API | Active deprecation (no removal date yet) |
| Legacy custom apps | New auth model | January 2025 (done) |
| Polaris React | Polaris Web Components | Active migration |
| Remix (app framework) | React Router 7 | Hydrogen 2025.5.0+ |
Three syntax types:
{{ product.title | upcase }} {# Output with filter #}
{% if product.available %}In stock{% endif %} {# Logic tag #}
{% assign sale = product.price | times: 0.8 %} {# Assignment #}
{%- if condition -%}Stripped whitespace{%- endif -%}
Key patterns:
{% for product in collection.products limit: 5 %}
{% render 'product-card', product: product %}
{% endfor %}
{% paginate collection.products by 12 %}
{% for product in paginate.collection.products %}...{% endfor %}
{{ paginate | default_pagination }}
{% endpaginate %}
// GraphQL Admin - always use GraphQL over REST
const response = await fetch(`https://${store}.myshopify.com/admin/api/2026-01/graphql.json`, {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'X-Shopify-Access-Token': accessToken,
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
},
body: JSON.stringify({ query, variables }),
})
const { data, errors } = await response.json()
if (errors) throw new Error(errors[0].message)
// Ajax API (theme-only cart operations)
fetch('/cart/add.js', {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
body: JSON.stringify({ id: variantId, quantity: 1 }),
})
| File | Lines | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| liquid-syntax.md | ~600 | Tags, control flow, iteration, variables, whitespace, LiquidDoc |
| liquid-filters.md | ~870 | String, numeric, array, Shopify-specific, date, URL, colour filters |
| liquid-objects.md | ~695 | All Shopify objects: product, variant, collection, cart, customer, order, etc. |
| theme-development.md | ~1200 | File structure, JSON templates, sections, blocks, settings schema, layout |
| api-admin.md | ~595 | GraphQL queries/mutations, REST (legacy), OAuth, webhooks, rate limiting |
| api-storefront.md | ~235 | Storefront API, Ajax API, cart operations, Customer Account API |
| app-development.md | ~760 | CLI, app architecture, extensions, Polaris Web Components, deployment |
| functions.md | ~300 | Function types, Rust/JS targets, CLI workflow, Scripts migration |
| hydrogen.md | ~375 | Setup, routing, data loading, Storefront API, deployment |
| performance.md | ~605 | Images, JS, CSS, fonts, Liquid, third-party scripts, Core Web Vitals |
| debugging.md | ~650 | Liquid, JavaScript, API, cart, webhook, theme editor troubleshooting |
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