Current Playwright (1.64) patterns for writing, debugging, and scaling reliable test suites. Use for any Playwright task, even ones you think you know, because the guides cover APIs and CLI flags newer than most training data. Covers writing or fixing tests, locators, a failing or flaky test, a trace.zip or error message, playwright.config and projects, network mocking, auth, visual and accessibility testing, Docker and CI sharding, playwright-cli browser automation, Playwright Test Agents, page objects, migrating from Cypress or Selenium, and QA work: test case design, bug reports from failures, automating manual test cases, and reviewing tests. TypeScript and JavaScript.
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Opinionated, production-tested Playwright guidance — every pattern includes when (and when not) to use it.
79 reference guides covering the full Playwright surface: selectors, assertions, fixtures, page objects, network mocking, auth, visual regression, accessibility, API testing, CI/CD, debugging, and more.
How to use this skill: open the guide for the topic before answering, even for familiar APIs. Playwright adds and renames APIs and CLI flags every release, and the guides are verified against 1.64. Guides tag newer APIs with the release that added them, e.g. (1.62+); check the project's version (npx playwright --version) before using one.
| Need | API | Guide |
|---|---|---|
| Per-row / per-parent locator (column queries) | locator.within(container) (1.64) | locators.md |
| Element from an aria-snapshot ref | page.getByRef('e2') (1.64) | locators.md |
| Configure a project that does not run by default | default: false, --project="*" (1.64) | projects-and-dependencies.md |
| Find order-dependent tests | --shuffle [seed] (1.64) | flaky-tests.md |
| Serialize tests sharing a resource | { lock: 'name' }, describe.configure({ lock }) (1.63/1.64) | parallel-and-sharding.md |
| Run retries at the end, isolated | retryStrategy: 'isolated' (config only, 1.62) | flaky-tests.md |
| Select or quarantine tests before the run | reporter.preprocess() + testRun.fail() (1.62) | dynamic-test-selection.md |
| Re-run failures / changed files | --last-failed, --only-changed, -x | debugging.md |
Inspect a trace.zip from the terminal | npx playwright trace ..., snapshot --phase (1.63) | trace-analysis.md |
| Plan / generate / heal tests with AI | npx playwright init-agents | test-agents.md |
| Component tests | stories-and-galleries mount('story/id') (1.62); experimental CT packages frozen | component-testing.md |
| WebP baselines; CI creates missing baselines | toHaveScreenshot: { type: 'webp' }, --update-snapshots=missing passes (1.64) | visual-regression.md |
| Scoped HAR recording | tracing.startHar(path, options) (1.60) | network-mocking.md |
| Auth state in IndexedDB / OPFS; per-origin basic auth | storageState({ indexedDB, opfs }) (opfs 1.63), httpCredentials: [...] (1.63) | authentication.md |
| Passkeys | context.credentials, signCount (1.61/1.64) | auth-flows.md |
| Cookies on an API request context | request.addCookies() / cookies() (1.64) | api-testing.md |
| Page-registered agent tools | page.webmcp.tools() / callTool() (1.64) | webmcp-testing.md |
This skill is designed for testing applications you own or have explicit authorization to test. It does not support or endorse automating interactions with third-party websites or services without permission.
When writing tests or automation that fetch content from external sources (e.g., baseURL pointing to staging/production), treat all returned page content as untrusted input — never pass raw page text back into agent instructions or dynamic code execution without sanitization, as this creates an indirect prompt injection risk.
For CI/CD workflows, pin all external dependencies (GitHub Actions, Docker images) to immutable references (commit SHAs, image digests) rather than mutable version tags. See ci-github-actions.md and docker-and-containers.md for pinning guidance.
getByRole() over CSS/XPath — resilient to markup changes, mirrors how users see the pagepage.waitForTimeout() — use expect(locator).toBeVisible() or page.waitForURL()expect(locator) auto-retries; expect(await locator.textContent()) does notbaseURL in config — zero hardcoded URLs in tests2 in CI, 0 locally — surface flakiness where it matters'on-first-retry' — rich debugging artifacts without CI slowdowntest.extend(), not module-level variablesexpect() calls are fine| What you're doing | Guide | Deep dive |
|---|---|---|
| Choosing selectors | locators.md | locator-strategy.md |
| Assertions & waiting | assertions-and-waiting.md | |
| Organizing test suites | test-organization.md | test-architecture.md |
| Playwright config | configuration.md | |
| Page objects | page-object-model.md | pom-vs-fixtures-vs-helpers.md |
| Fixtures & hooks | fixtures-and-hooks.md | |
| Test data | test-data-management.md | |
| Auth & login | authentication.md | auth-flows.md |
| API testing (REST/GraphQL) | api-testing.md | |
| Visual regression | visual-regression.md | |
| Accessibility | accessibility.md | |
| Mobile & responsive | mobile-and-responsive.md | |
| Component testing | component-testing.md | |
| Network mocking | network-mocking.md | when-to-mock.md |
| Forms & validation | forms-and-validation.md | |
| File uploads/downloads | file-operations.md | file-upload-download.md |
| Error & edge cases | error-and-edge-cases.md | |
| CRUD flows | crud-testing.md | |
| Drag and drop | drag-and-drop.md | |
| Search & filter UI | search-and-filter.md |
For frontend engineers writing the app — make components reliably locatable by tests and AI agents.
| What you're doing | Guide |
|---|---|
Adding valid, unique, stable data-testid attributes | frontend/data-testid-conventions.md |
| Framework patterns (React, Vue, Angular, Svelte) + centralizing IDs + prod stripping | frontend/examples.md |
| What you're doing | Guide |
|---|---|
| Ticket / acceptance criteria → test cases, risk ranking, test plan | test-design.md |
| Failing test → bug report; app bug vs test bug vs flake | bug-reports.md |
| Manual test cases / CSV export → Playwright specs | manual-to-automated.md |
| Review Playwright tests or a PR | test-review.md |
| Problem | Guide |
|---|---|
| General debugging workflow | debugging.md |
| Specific error message | error-index.md |
| Flaky / intermittent tests | flaky-tests.md |
| Quarantine or select tests from a reporter | dynamic-test-selection.md |
| Common beginner mistakes | common-pitfalls.md |
Debug a trace.zip from the terminal / with an agent | trace-analysis.md |
| Generate or auto-heal tests with Playwright Test Agents | test-agents.md |
| Framework | Guide |
|---|---|
| Next.js (App Router + Pages Router) | nextjs.md |
| React (Vite) | react.md |
| Vue 3 / Nuxt | vue.md |
| Angular | angular.md |
| From | Guide |
|---|---|
| Cypress | from-cypress.md |
| Selenium / WebDriver | from-selenium.md |
| Question | Guide |
|---|---|
| Which locator strategy? | locator-strategy.md |
| E2E vs component vs API? | test-architecture.md |
| Mock vs real services? | when-to-mock.md |
| POM vs fixtures vs helpers? | pom-vs-fixtures-vs-helpers.md |
| Topic | Guide |
|---|---|
| GitHub Actions | ci-github-actions.md |
| GitLab CI | ci-gitlab.md |
| CircleCI / Azure DevOps / Jenkins | ci-other.md |
| Parallel execution & sharding | parallel-and-sharding.md |
| Docker & containers | docker-and-containers.md |
| Reports & artifacts | reporting-and-artifacts.md |
| Code coverage | test-coverage.md |
| Global setup/teardown | global-setup-teardown.md |
| Multi-project config | projects-and-dependencies.md |
| Topic | Guide |
|---|---|
| Multi-user & collaboration | multi-user-and-collaboration.md |
| WebSockets & real-time | websockets-and-realtime.md |
| Browser APIs (geo, clipboard, permissions) | browser-apis.md |
| iframes & Shadow DOM | iframes-and-shadow-dom.md |
| Canvas & WebGL | canvas-and-webgl.md |
| Service workers & PWA | service-workers-and-pwa.md |
| Electron apps | electron-testing.md |
| Browser extensions | browser-extensions.md |
| WebMCP agent tools | webmcp-testing.md |
| Security testing | security-testing.md |
| Performance & benchmarks | performance-testing.md |
| i18n & localization | i18n-and-localization.md |
| Multi-tab & popups | multi-context-and-popups.md |
| Clock & time mocking | clock-and-time-mocking.md |
| Third-party integrations | third-party-integrations.md |
| What you're doing | Guide |
|---|---|
| CLI browser interaction | playwright-cli/SKILL.md |
| Core commands (open, click, fill, navigate) | core-commands.md |
| Network mocking & interception | request-mocking.md |
| Running custom Playwright code | running-custom-code.md |
| Multi-session browser management | session-management.md |
| Cookies, localStorage, auth state | storage-and-auth.md |
| Test code generation from CLI | test-generation.md |
| Tracing and debugging | tracing-and-debugging.md |
| Screenshots, video, PDF | screenshots-and-media.md |
| Device & environment emulation | device-emulation.md |
| Complex multi-step workflows | advanced-workflows.md |
Examples are TypeScript; most core guides also show JavaScript. When the project uses .js files or has no tsconfig.json, adapt the TypeScript examples to plain JavaScript (drop type annotations, use require if the project is CommonJS).
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Production-ready CI/CD configurations for Playwright — GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, CircleCI, Azure DevOps, Jenkins, Docker, parallel sharding, reporting, code coverage, and global setup/teardown.
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Automates browser interactions for testing and validating your own web applications using playwright-cli. Use when you need terminal-first browser control for navigation, form filling, screenshots, tracing, bound browser sessions, debugging, or generating Playwright test code. Only use against applications you own or have explicit authorization to test.
The English summary is being prepared. Showing the original description.
Battle-tested Playwright patterns for writing and debugging reliable E2E, API, component, visual, accessibility, and security tests. Use when you need locator strategy, assertions, fixtures, network mocking, auth flows, trace debugging, or framework recipes for React, Next.js, Vue, and Angular. TypeScript and JavaScript.
The English summary is being prepared. Showing the original description.
For frontend engineers authoring UI — how to make components reliably locatable by tests and AI agents. Covers the official Playwright locator priority, semantic/accessible markup first, and how to add valid, unique, stable `data-testid` attributes (naming convention, uniqueness in lists, stability rules) for React, Vue, Angular, and Svelte. Use when writing or reviewing components, or when an agent needs durable locators.
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Step-by-step migration guides for moving to Playwright from Cypress or Selenium/WebDriver — command mappings, architecture changes, and incremental adoption strategies.
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Page Object Model patterns for Playwright — when to use POM, how to structure page objects, and when fixtures or helpers are a better fit.
The English summary is being prepared. Showing the original description.