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nextjs-best-practices

Next.js App Router principles. Server Components, data fetching, routing patterns.

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Next.js Best Practices

Principles for Next.js App Router development.


1. Server vs Client Components

Decision Tree

Does it need...?
│
├── useState, useEffect, event handlers
│   └── Client Component ('use client')
│
├── Direct data fetching, no interactivity
│   └── Server Component (default)
│
└── Both? 
    └── Split: Server parent + Client child

By Default

TypeUse
ServerData fetching, layout, static content
ClientForms, buttons, interactive UI

2. Data Fetching Patterns

Fetch Strategy

PatternUse
DefaultStatic (cached at build)
RevalidateISR (time-based refresh)
No-storeDynamic (every request)

Data Flow

SourcePattern
DatabaseServer Component fetch
APIfetch with caching
User inputClient state + server action

3. Routing Principles

File Conventions

FilePurpose
page.tsxRoute UI
layout.tsxShared layout
loading.tsxLoading state
error.tsxError boundary
not-found.tsx404 page

Route Organization

PatternUse
Route groups (name)Organize without URL
Parallel routes @slotMultiple same-level pages
Intercepting (.)Modal overlays

4. API Routes

Route Handlers

MethodUse
GETRead data
POSTCreate data
PUT/PATCHUpdate data
DELETERemove data

Best Practices

  • Validate input with Zod
  • Return proper status codes
  • Handle errors gracefully
  • Use Edge runtime when possible

5. Performance Principles

Image Optimization

  • Use next/image component
  • Set priority for above-fold
  • Provide blur placeholder
  • Use responsive sizes

Bundle Optimization

  • Dynamic imports for heavy components
  • Route-based code splitting (automatic)
  • Analyze with bundle analyzer

6. Metadata

Static vs Dynamic

TypeUse
Static exportFixed metadata
generateMetadataDynamic per-route

Essential Tags

  • title (50-60 chars)
  • description (150-160 chars)
  • Open Graph images
  • Canonical URL

7. Caching Strategy

Cache Layers

LayerControl
Requestfetch options
Datarevalidate/tags
Full routeroute config

Revalidation

MethodUse
Time-basedrevalidate: 60
On-demandrevalidatePath/Tag
No cacheno-store

8. Server Actions

Use Cases

  • Form submissions
  • Data mutations
  • Revalidation triggers

Best Practices

  • Mark with 'use server'
  • Validate all inputs
  • Return typed responses
  • Handle errors

9. Anti-Patterns

❌ Don't✅ Do
'use client' everywhereServer by default
Fetch in client componentsFetch in server
Skip loading statesUse loading.tsx
Ignore error boundariesUse error.tsx
Large client bundlesDynamic imports

10. Project Structure

app/
├── (marketing)/     # Route group
│   └── page.tsx
├── (dashboard)/
│   ├── layout.tsx   # Dashboard layout
│   └── page.tsx
├── api/
│   └── [resource]/
│       └── route.ts
└── components/
    └── ui/

Remember: Server Components are the default for a reason. Start there, add client only when needed.

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