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PowerShell Windows patterns. Critical pitfalls, operator syntax, error handling.

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PowerShell Windows Patterns

Critical patterns and pitfalls for Windows PowerShell.


1. Operator Syntax Rules

CRITICAL: Parentheses Required

❌ Wrong✅ Correct
if (Test-Path "a" -or Test-Path "b")if ((Test-Path "a") -or (Test-Path "b"))
if (Get-Item $x -and $y -eq 5)if ((Get-Item $x) -and ($y -eq 5))

Rule: Each cmdlet call MUST be in parentheses when using logical operators.


2. Unicode/Emoji Restriction

CRITICAL: No Unicode in Scripts

Purpose❌ Don't Use✅ Use
Success✅ ✓[OK] [+]
Error❌ ✗ 🔴[!] [X]
Warning⚠️ 🟡[*] [WARN]
Infoℹ️ 🔵[i] [INFO]
Progress⏳[...]

Rule: Use ASCII characters only in PowerShell scripts.


3. Null Check Patterns

Always Check Before Access

❌ Wrong✅ Correct
$array.Count -gt 0$array -and $array.Count -gt 0
$text.Lengthif ($text) { $text.Length }

4. String Interpolation

Complex Expressions

❌ Wrong✅ Correct
"Value: $($obj.prop.sub)"Store in variable first

Pattern:

$value = $obj.prop.sub
Write-Output "Value: $value"

5. Error Handling

ErrorActionPreference

ValueUse
StopDevelopment (fail fast)
ContinueProduction scripts
SilentlyContinueWhen errors expected

Try/Catch Pattern

  • Don't return inside try block
  • Use finally for cleanup
  • Return after try/catch

6. File Paths

Windows Path Rules

PatternUse
Literal pathC:\Users\User\file.txt
Variable pathJoin-Path $env:USERPROFILE "file.txt"
RelativeJoin-Path $ScriptDir "data"

Rule: Use Join-Path for cross-platform safety.


7. Array Operations

Correct Patterns

OperationSyntax
Empty array$array = @()
Add item$array += $item
ArrayList add`$list.Add($item)

8. JSON Operations

CRITICAL: Depth Parameter

❌ Wrong✅ Correct
ConvertTo-JsonConvertTo-Json -Depth 10

Rule: Always specify -Depth for nested objects.

File Operations

OperationPattern
Read`Get-Content "file.json" -Raw
Write`$data

9. Common Errors

Error MessageCauseFix
"parameter 'or'"Missing parenthesesWrap cmdlets in ()
"Unexpected token"Unicode characterUse ASCII only
"Cannot find property"Null objectCheck null first
"Cannot convert"Type mismatchUse .ToString()

10. Script Template

# Strict mode
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"

# Paths
$ScriptDir = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path

# Main
try {
    # Logic here
    Write-Output "[OK] Done"
    exit 0
}
catch {
    Write-Warning "Error: $_"
    exit 1
}

Remember: PowerShell has unique syntax rules. Parentheses, ASCII-only, and null checks are non-negotiable.

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