Amazon Web Services

Designs, reviews, and debugs DynamoDB data layers from design axioms — enumerates access patterns, chooses partition/sort keys and GSIs, decides single-table vs. multi-table, configures Streams, Global Tables, TTL, vector indexes for similarity search, and zero-ETL integrations to OpenSearch/Redshift/SageMaker Lakehouse, and produces a defensible data-layer design with a monthly cost estimate and optional live validation. Applies whenever a user is designing, reviewing, or refactoring anything backed by DynamoDB — schemas, access patterns, GSIs, single- vs. multi-table choices, Streams consumers, transactional outboxes, Global Tables, zero-ETL pipelines, or storing embeddings and running semantic/vector similarity search with SearchVectors on items already in DynamoDB — even when they don't say "axioms" or "design review." Also applies when debugging hot partitions, throttling, unbounded Scans, LWW conflicts, or surprise bills on DynamoDB workloads.

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Provides authoritative guidance on Amazon Neptune Database and Neptune Analytics for graph, knowledge-graph, and relationship-heavy workloads — fraud detection / fraud rings, agentic memory / chatbot context across sessions, recommendations, identity resolution, Gremlin / openCypher / SPARQL queries, supernode / slow traversal, Neo4j to Neptune migration / APOC compatibility, Neptune Database vs Analytics engine selection, PageRank / community detection, GraphRAG, and connectivity from Lambda / EC2 / applications. Creates and modifies Neptune Database clusters/instances and Neptune Analytics graphs on explicit user confirmation; blocks destructive operations (delete, reset-graph, failover, major upgrade) and redirects to change-control.

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Full inventory and audit of AWS Glue Data Catalog assets across S3 Tables, Redshift-federated, and remote Iceberg catalogs. Triggers on: inventory the catalog, audit databases, list all tables, catalog overview, data landscape, enumerate catalogs, data inventory, search the catalog. Do NOT use for finding specific data (use finding-data-lake-assets), running queries (use querying-data-lake), or creating tables (use creating-data-lake-table).

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Adds user authentication to web and mobile apps with Amazon Cognito (user pools and identity pools) and the AWS Amplify client auth libraries. Covers sign-up/sign-in flows and the login page (Cognito-hosted UI / managed login), MFA, password policies, OAuth 2.0 / OIDC flows (auth-code + PKCE, client credentials), social/SAML federation, tokens (ID/access/refresh, rotation, revocation, storage), Cognito Lambda triggers, identity pools (temp AWS creds), and gating API Gateway (or ALB) routes to signed-in users via Cognito/JWT authorizers. Applies when adding a login or sign-up page, configuring a user pool or app client, choosing user pool vs identity pool, wiring social/SAML, refreshing tokens, requiring sign-in on an API Gateway or ALB, or debugging redirect_uri/token/MFA/CORS/federation errors. Does NOT cover Amplify Gen2 backend definitions (defineAuth, npx ampx → aws-amplify), IAM/STS/Identity Center (→ aws-iam), or API Gateway/Lambda resource config beyond the authorizer (→ aws-serverless).

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Selects, deploys, and customizes AI models on Amazon SageMaker. Training or Processing jobs, fine-tuning (SFT/DPO/RLVR/RLAIF), model selection, dataset preparation, evaluation, SageMaker or Bedrock deployment, inference optimization and endpoint diagnostics. Covers the full lifecycle from planning through production. Use when fine-tuning models on SageMaker, choosing which base model to customize, fine-tune, or deploy from SageMaker JumpStart or Hub, SageMakerPublicHub, or the SageMaker public model catalog, transforming or validating training data, evaluating model quality, deploying or optimizing endpoints, configuring IAM/S3 for training, or managing SageMaker Managed MLflow. Use for endpoint health, failures, latency, logs, metrics, errors. Covers Serverless Model Customization, Nova and OSS deployment paths, and PySDK v3. NOT for Ground Truth labeling, Feature Store, or general-purpose AWS infrastructure.

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Builds generative AI applications on Amazon Bedrock. Covers model invocation (Converse API, InvokeModel), RAG with Knowledge Bases, Bedrock Agents, Guardrails, and AgentCore (including the Harness managed agent loop). Applies when invoking models, setting up Knowledge Bases, creating agents, applying guardrails, deploying to AgentCore, migrating/porting/converting a Bedrock Agent (including inline agents) to an AgentCore Harness, troubleshooting Bedrock errors (ThrottlingException, AccessDeniedException), or choosing models (Claude, Llama, Nova, Titan). Also for prompt caching, quota and throttling diagnosis, cost tracking, migrating between Claude model generations (4.5 to 4.6 to 4.7), chunking strategies, API selection (Converse vs InvokeModel), guardrail capabilities, and model selection. Also covers AgentCore Payments (x402, microtransactions, Payment Manager, Connector, Instrument, Coinbase CDP, Stripe Privy, paid endpoints, agent payments). NOT for custom model training, Rekognition, or Comprehend.

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Routes serverless requests to a compute form factor and the skill that owns it. Applies first to Lambda, API Gateway, EventBridge, Step Functions and event-driven work while the compute, orchestration or integration choice is open — API backends, webhooks, jobs, cron, queue/stream consumers, durable workflows, event routing, Step Functions vs Durable Functions, and Pipes vs native event source mappings for queues and streams. Decides Event Functions on-demand vs Managed Instances, Web Functions, MicroVMs, EventBridge rules/Scheduler/Pipes/bus, HTTP vs REST API. Owns shared Lambda references (cold starts, SnapStart, concurrency, event sources, function URLs, throttling, troubleshooting). Defers to the specialized skill once a request commits to one form factor or service, or describes its defining feature, even unnamed (durable checkpointing and automatic step retries, Firecracker sandbox, managed instances, Node.js server). Not for EC2, ECS/EKS/Fargate or Amplify hosting.

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Amazon Aurora MySQL — creates, modifies, and advises on Aurora MySQL clusters specifically (MySQL-compatible engine, Aurora serverless, parallel query). Trigger for Aurora MySQL cluster operations, ACU sizing, I/O-Optimized storage, commitment pricing, or MySQL upgrade planning. Aurora MySQL uses full (VPC-based) configuration — express configuration is PostgreSQL-only. For Aurora PostgreSQL, use amazon-aurora-postgresql instead. Contains safety guardrails and response templates that override defaults.

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Deploys, queries, and debugs AWS Marketplace usage-based (PAYG) metering — the pipeline (ResolveCustomer, BatchMeterUsage, EventBridge via SAM) and querying/debugging metering records, statuses, failures, discrepancies. Covers Concurrent Agreements (CustomerAWSAccountId + LicenseArn), multi-product, CloudTrail Event History (90 days; never CloudTrail Lake), Seller Reports (Billed Revenue/Usage columns + CSV/SDDS parsing), existing-stack detection, metering region for BatchMeterUsage/MeterUsage (DisabledApiException), metered AMI/Container + IAM roles, where registration data lives (customer-profile table), legacy ProductCode + CustomerIdentifier, DuplicateRecord/CustomerNotSubscribed, bad LicenseArn. Also SCOPES adjacent asks — flat-rate/SaaS-Subscription "do I still meter", CCP included-units + overage, contract term/annual renewal, forecasting future bills/usage — with the right answer or a one-line redirect. Use for any BatchMeterUsage/ResolveCustomer or SaaS usage-billing question.

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AWS SDK for Python (boto3/botocore) development patterns. You MUST use this skill when writing Python code that uses AWS services via boto3 or botocore. This includes creating service clients or resources, configuring sessions and credentials, handling errors with ClientError, using paginators and waiters, S3 file transfers and presigned URLs, DynamoDB table operations, and any boto3/botocore client configuration. Use this skill whenever Python code imports boto3 or botocore, or when the user asks about AWS operations in Python.

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Performs a full AWS Well-Architected Framework review evaluating every framework question across all pillars discovered from the live AWS documentation by analyzing code, IaC, and configurations to produce evidence-backed findings with Eisenhower-prioritized remediation. Supports full reviews (every framework best practice with BP ID citations), quick reviews (question-level), pillar-scoped reviews, score-mode reviews (a maturity scorecard with per-pillar scores and filtered findings), and lens-specific reviews using lenses discovered from the live AWS documentation. Triggers on mentions of Well-Architected review, WA review, WAR, pillar assessment, architecture review across pillars, workload assessment, cloud readiness evaluation, or a Well-Architected score, grade, or scorecard request. Does not apply to single-pillar deep-dives, learning WA concepts, ADRs, or migration readiness assessments.

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AWS security service suitability, coverage and cost recommendations: WAF/origin overlap, AWS Network Firewall inspection coverage and policy review, VPC endpoint, Transit Gateway/Cloud WAN segmentation and DNS Firewall security-control suitability, certificate renewal ownership and monitoring, incident response triage ownership, centralized security log store (CloudWatch or Security Lake). Also factual configuration, findings, data sources and severity scoring for GuardDuty, Inspector, Security Hub V2/OCSF (Exposure, connectors, automation), Security Hub CSPM/ASFF (standards, controls), Macie, Detective, Security Lake, AWS Security Incident Response membership and case coverage, and Organizations security policies. Applies to advisory security-service choices even when one service is named. Implementation, rule or code authoring, deployment, scans and troubleshooting outside these factual procedures belong to specialist skills. Supports local AWS CLI and AWS MCP.

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AWS SDK for JavaScript v3 development patterns. Use when writing JavaScript or TypeScript code that uses AWS services via @aws-sdk/* packages (aws-sdk-js-v3), or when asked about schemas, runtime validation, serialization, or code generation in the context of the JS/TS AWS SDK.

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Builds, configures, debugs, and optimizes AWS observability - operator-symptom questions and detecting Omni vs classic CloudWatch. CloudWatch on an already-reporting service: Log Insights, metric/composite/anomaly alarms, custom metrics/EMF, dashboards, X-Ray/ADOT tracing, canaries, CloudTrail, Dynamic Instrumentation (live breakpoints/snapshots), the Application Signals service map, and fleet health views. CloudWatch Omni on an existing Space: SQL over logs and traces, PromQL over metrics, Omni dashboards, Omni alerts, context graph for root cause, programmatic/IaC access (API/SDK/CLI/CloudFormation), driving Omni from a coding agent or skills, and evaluating AI agent quality from traces - on-demand and online scoring of live traffic, readback, custom evaluators. For first-time setup - creating an Omni Space, granting access, ingestion, or ADOT instrumentation for Application Signals (ServiceEvents, CI/CD metadata) or Omni - use setting-up-cloudwatch-observability. Not for app logging or threat detection.

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Routes AWS networking requests to the correct service skill for implementation. Covers Route 53 (DNS, health checks, routing policies, Resolver, DNS Firewall), CloudFront (caching, edge, OAC, mTLS, signed URLs), Transit Gateway (multi-VPC hub, segmentation, centralized egress), Direct Connect (hybrid link, DX Gateway, MACsec), Site-to-Site VPN (IPsec tunnels, static or BGP), WAF (web ACLs, AWS Managed Rules, rate-based rules, Bot and Fraud Control), and Shield Advanced (L3/L4 DDoS). Applicable when creating, configuring, troubleshooting, or designing across these services, choosing between them, or diagnosing connectivity or traffic-filtering issues. Not for VPC subnets and route tables, load balancers, VPC endpoints, PrivateLink, API Gateway, IAM policy logic, container or serverless networking, or IaC authoring.

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Selects, investigates, and compares AWS object, file, and block storage services, and answers cost, performance, configuration, security, and troubleshooting questions about storage services. Applies when a user asks where to store or archive data based on their usage patterns; which storage service to choose or how two compare; how to migrate data from on-premises or between AWS services; how to protect, replicate, or recover data; how to optimize storage costs; where to deploy shared NFS, SMB, or POSIX file systems; where to store vector embeddings or tabular data; what storage backs enterprise file shares, self-managed databases on EC2, VMware, or stateful containers; or asks what an AWS storage service can do or how it works. Relevant for storage needs for workloads such as AI/ML, analytics, EDA, HPC, media, genomics, or financial trading. Not applicable for SQL query engines (Athena, Spark, Redshift, EMR), ETL (Glue), streaming (Kafka, MSK, Kinesis), or managed database services (RDS, Aurora, DynamoDB).

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Operates Amazon MSK Provisioned clusters (Standard and Express brokers). Required for ANY MSK Provisioned task — training data conflates Standard and Express. Covers performance, consumer lag, storage, traffic shaping; sizing Standard vs Express; Kafka client tuning; CloudWatch alarms; cluster configs; maintenance, patching, rolling restarts; topic management; MSK Replicator setup for DR and active-active/active-passive replication (same-/cross-account), including throughput and partition sizing; Streaming Tables for S3 Tables and Data Delivery for General Purpose S3 — setup, IAM, monitoring. Prefer Flink for Kafka Iceberg sink questions. Migrations: use migrate-to-msk. Triggers: MSK Provisioned, Kafka, `kafka.*`/`express.*` types, AWS/Kafka namespace, cross-cluster replication, Kafka to Iceberg on S3 Tables, Kafka to S3, lakehouse, data lake from Kafka, Kafka Connect S3 Sink or Firehose alternative. DO NOT USE for MSK Connect — search docs instead. Serverless: only S3 Tables/data delivery eligibility.

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Configures CI/CD pipelines using AWS CodePipeline, CodeBuild, CodeDeploy, CodeConnections, and CodeArtifact. Covers CodePipeline V2 (triggers, variables, execution modes, cross-account), buildspec.yml (caching, VPC, Docker), CodeDeploy strategies (blue/green, canary, linear), CodeArtifact (private package registries, auth tokens, cross-account), and source connections (GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket). Applies when CodePipeline, CodeBuild, CodeDeploy, CodeConnections, CodeArtifact, buildspec.yml, appspec.yml, or CI/CD pipeline orchestration is referenced. Does NOT cover: ECS Fargate services or task definitions (use aws-containers), CDK Pipelines or cdk deploy (use aws-cdk), sam deploy (use aws-serverless), Amplify deployments (use aws-amplify), or GitHub Actions/GitLab CI.

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Guides an end-to-end data-warehouse migration to Amazon Redshift — discovery, schema/SQL/stored-procedure/macro/script conversion, data migration, validation, performance comparison, and reporting. Source-routed via `references/<source>/`; Teradata (Vantage) is the supported source; additional sources are added as their own `references/<source>/` sets. Text-only knowledge (no executable code) — the AI generates all execution at runtime. Applies when a user wants to migrate Teradata to Amazon Redshift, convert Teradata DDL/SQL/stored procedures/macros/BTEQ to Redshift/RSQL, or assess Teradata-to-Redshift migration complexity. Applies only to migrations targeting Amazon Redshift; migrations to other platforms (Snowflake, BigQuery, Databricks, etc.) are out of scope regardless of source. Does not cover general Redshift administration, performance tuning, or troubleshooting of existing Redshift clusters (no migration involved), or sources not listed under references/.

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Tests Amazon MWAA workflow execution end-to-end: trigger a run and monitor it to completion for Provisioned (Python DAG, via Airflow REST API) and Serverless (YAML workflow, via StartWorkflowRun). Verifies the artifact is deployed and parse-ready, triggers with confirmation, polls to terminal state, and on failure delegates diagnosis to debugging-mwaa-workflow and artifact/redeploy fixes to authoring-mwaa-workflow, then retests up to a capped number of attempts. Triggers on: test my DAG, test my workflow, run my DAG, trigger a test run, does my DAG work, smoke-test the pipeline, verify my workflow runs, execute my DAG to check it. Not applicable to writing or deploying a new workflow (handled by authoring-mwaa-workflow), or for diagnosing why a run failed or root-causing an error (handled by debugging-mwaa-workflow).

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Troubleshoots and debugs AWS Clean Rooms collaboration issues related to IAM roles, S3 bucket policies, KMS keys, Lake Formation permissions, and CloudWatch logging for custom ML model training and inference jobs. Use when a customer reports permission failures, access errors, or log publishing issues in Clean Rooms.

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Upgrades an MWAA environment to a newer Airflow version — within 2.x, within 3.x, or across the 2.x-to-3.x boundary. Computes the version-jump path, inserting the 2.11.x stepping-stone and Python-transition step when needed. Chooses an approach by whether run history and the same environment (URL/ARN) must be kept: a new-environment upgrade (blue-green), a rehearsed in-place upgrade validated on a test copy, or a direct in-place upgrade. Runs Ruff scanning and deprecation-warning log scans for 3.x moves, plus Docker validation, batched deployment, and switchover. Saves a resumable upgrade plan for multi-session work. Triggers on: upgrade MWAA, upgrade Airflow, migrate to Airflow 3, MWAA Airflow 3, Airflow 2 to 3, preserve Airflow history, keep same MWAA environment, blue-green cutover, validation environment before cutover. Not for authoring new DAGs (authoring-mwaa-workflow), debugging unrelated DAG failures (debugging-mwaa-workflow), or MWAA Serverless YAML workflows (provisioned Python DAGs only).

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Provisions, scales, and operates Amazon EC2 virtual-machine workloads: instance-type selection (Graviton/Arm64, burstable T credits, GPU, instance store vs EBS), launch templates, Auto Scaling groups (scaling policies, instance refresh, mixed instances, Spot, warm pools, lifecycle hooks), IMDSv2, placement groups, Elastic IPs, AMI lifecycle, and Systems Manager fleet operations (Session Manager, Run Command, Patch Manager). Applies to EC2 instance and fleet questions, InsufficientInstanceCapacity, CPU-credit/surplus charges, IMDSv2 401s, instances stuck in Pending:Wait, ASG not replacing unhealthy instances, status-check failures, SSH refused/timed out, or instances missing as SSM managed nodes. For a single secure instance launch, the launching-ec2-instance-with-best-practices skill is more appropriate; for instance profiles, see setting-up-ec2-instance-profiles; for Image Builder, see amazon-ec2-image-builder. Does NOT cover Lambda, ECS/Fargate, EKS, VPC/ALB/NLB design, or IAM policy authoring.

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Authors, validates, and troubleshoots AWS CloudFormation templates. Covers template authoring with secure defaults, local validation with either cfn-lint or cloudformation-validate, cfn-guard security and compliance checks as a recommended default, account-aware CloudFormation service pre-deployment validation, CloudFormation Express mode for faster deployments, and root-cause diagnosis of failed stacks using CloudFormation events and CloudTrail correlation. Also covers author-time template intelligence with the CloudFormation Language Server and published cloudformation-validate libraries.

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