691건 · 관련도순
Creates comprehensive threat models using STRIDE methodology with asset identification, threat enumeration, mitigation strategies, and residual risk assessment. Use for "threat modeling", "security analysis", "STRIDE", or "risk assessment".
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Zigbee, Thread, and Matter mesh-protocol attack methodology — IEEE 802.15.4 sniffing with TI CC2531 / CC2540 / Sonoff Zigbee Dongle E, KillerBee toolkit, Touchlink commissioning abuse with the well-known transport key, replay/injection attacks, Zigbee Cluster Library command abuse for door locks and bulbs, Thread network credential theft, Matter commissioning chain analysis, and 6LoWPAN/IPv6 routing exploitation. Use when targeting smart-home or commercial mesh deployments, Zigbee-based door locks, lighting, or sensor networks.
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Z-Wave attack methodology — sniffing with Z-Force / EZ-Wave / RTL-SDR + ZniffMobile, S0 (legacy) network-key derivation flaw and key reuse, S2 (modern) ECDH commissioning analysis, replay/injection on unauthenticated nodes, default-key brute-force on test deployments, and home-automation hub pivots. Use when targeting Z-Wave smart home devices (door locks, sensors, garage controllers) — common in mid-2010s smart home deployments still in production.
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IoT and embedded device security testing methodology. Covers hardware reconnaissance (UART, JTAG, SWD, SPI flash, I2C EEPROM, eMMC chip-off), firmware acquisition (vendor portals, OTA capture, flash dump, binwalk extraction), firmware analysis (filesystem mounting, binary triage, hardcoded secrets, default credential discovery), bootloader attacks (U-Boot console, secure-boot bypass, fault injection), runtime attacks on embedded Linux/RTOS (busybox CVEs, MTD writes, /dev/mem), wireless protocol attacks (Zigbee, BLE, Z-Wave, LoRaWAN, Thread/Matter, sub-GHz), MQTT/CoAP/Modbus/BACnet/OPC-UA exploitation, mobile companion app analysis, cloud-IoT API abuse, and side-channel/glitching basics. Use for IoT pentest, smart-home assessment, ICS/OT testing, or embedded vulnerability research.
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) attack methodology — GATT enumeration, characteristic read/write without auth, pairing downgrade (Just Works forced), LE Secure Connections bypass, MITM via active relay, sniffing with Sniffle (TI CC1352) / Ubertooth / Frontline, encryption key extraction (LE Legacy Pairing crackable, LE Secure Connections strong), proximity authentication abuse (cars, locks), and companion-app trust analysis. Use for IoT BLE devices, smart locks, fitness trackers, medical devices, BLE beacons, or any device pairing over BLE.
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Bluetooth Classic (BR/EDR) attack methodology — device discovery, service enumeration via SDP, LMP/L2CAP layer attacks, legacy PIN cracking (BlueBorne / KNOB), Bluetooth file-transfer abuse (BlueSnarfing legacy), unauthenticated profile abuse (HSP, HFP, OPP), and modern relevance against older industrial / automotive / accessory targets. Use when in-scope devices use Bluetooth Classic (Bluetooth ≤ 4.0 BR/EDR) — common in legacy car kits, industrial sensors, older medical devices, and audio accessories.
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WPA/WPA2/WPA3-Enterprise (802.1X / EAP) attack methodology — EAP method identification (PEAP-MSCHAPv2, EAP-TTLS, EAP-TLS, EAP-GTC, EAP-PWD, EAP-FAST), evil-twin RADIUS attacks with eaphammer for credential capture, MSCHAPv2 challenge-response cracking, EAP-TLS client certificate theft paths (DPAPI, NDES, AD CS auto-enrollment), supplicant validation bypass (missing server cert validation, missing CN pinning, BYOD misconfigurations), and post-capture pivots into AD via cracked domain credentials. Use for corporate Wi-Fi engagements where the network is 802.1X authenticated.
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Evil Twin / KARMA / Mana access point methodology — rogue AP construction with hostapd-mana / wifiphisher / airgeddon, KARMA universal probe response, Mana selective probe response, captive portal phishing, deauth-driven client coercion to attacker AP, MAC randomization defeat via PNL leak analysis, post-association MITM (DNS, ARP, transparent proxy), credential capture for portal/web/SMB, and detection-evasion tactics. Use to coerce client devices onto an attacker-controlled AP, intercept their traffic, harvest credentials, or deliver payloads via captive portal.
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WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) PIN attack methodology — Pixie Dust offline attack against vulnerable chipsets (Ralink, Realtek, Broadcom, MediaTek), online PIN brute-force with reaver/bully, lockout handling, time-of-day evasion, WPS push-button vulnerability windows, and PIN-to-PSK derivation. Use when a target SOHO router exposes WPS — common on consumer ISP gear, often left enabled by default even when WPS attacks have been known for over a decade.
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Wi-Fi reconnaissance methodology — adapter selection, monitor mode and packet injection setup, regulatory domain handling, multi-band airspace mapping, hidden SSID discovery, BSSID/ESSID/channel/PMF/encryption fingerprinting, client probe analysis, vendor OUI lookup, war-driving with Kismet/airodump-ng/Wigle, and structured airspace data capture for downstream attacks. Use at the start of any wireless engagement to build the target map before active attacks; covers 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz (Wi-Fi 6E) bands and adapter compatibility for each.
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WPA/WPA2-PSK attack methodology — four-way handshake capture via targeted deauthentication, PMKID attacks (no client required), hcxdumptool / hcxpcapngtool conversion to hashcat hc22000 format, GPU-accelerated cracking with dictionary, mask, and rule-based attacks, vendor default-PSK generators (UPC, Sky, BT, etc.), 802.11r FT key cracking, opportunistic key cache analysis, and signal-level optimization. Use when the in-scope network is WPA/WPA2 Personal — the most common consumer/SMB encryption mode.
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Wireless / 802.11 attack methodology for red team engagements and wireless security assessments. Covers monitor-mode setup, WPA/WPA2-PSK handshake capture and PMKID attacks, WPA3 SAE downgrade and Dragonblood, WPA-Enterprise (EAP) attacks (MSCHAPv2 cracking, EAP-TLS cert theft, evil-twin RADIUS), Karma / Known Beacons / Mana evil twin attacks, captive-portal phishing, KRACK and FragAttacks, WPS Pixie Dust, deauthentication and disassociation attacks, rogue AP construction (hostapd-mana), 802.1X bypass, MAC randomization defeat, BLE/Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 sidebands, and Wi-Fi 6/6E/7 considerations. Use when scoping wireless pentest, war-driving an estate, or testing corporate wireless segmentation.
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LoRaWAN and sub-GHz (433 / 868 / 915 MHz) attack methodology — LoRaWAN ABP/OTAA join attack, network/session key reuse, frame counter replay, downlink injection on TTN/Helium-style networks, sub-GHz protocol replay (KeeLoq garage doors, fixed-code remotes, TPMS spoofing, smart plug telemetry), HackRF / RTL-SDR / Flipper Zero workflows, signal analysis with Inspectrum / Universal Radio Hacker, and reconstruction of proprietary packet formats. Use for LoRaWAN deployments (smart cities, asset tracking, industrial telemetry), or any wireless device using the unlicensed 433/868/915 MHz bands (garage openers, doorbells, IoT sensors, RC equipment).
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WPA3 / SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) attack methodology — transition-mode (mixed WPA2/WPA3) downgrade, Dragonblood side-channel attacks (CVE-2019-9494, 9495, 13377, 13456), SAE auth flooding for AP CPU exhaustion, Hash-to-Element (H2E) timing analysis, group downgrade, and 6 GHz / Wi-Fi 6E spec implications (PMF mandatory, no transition mode allowed). Use when target advertises WPA3-SAE or WPA3-Personal/Enterprise, or operates in 6 GHz where WPA3 + PMF are required by spec.
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Offensive methodology for attacking GraphQL APIs during penetration tests and bug bounty engagements. Covers the full attack lifecycle: endpoint discovery, introspection abuse and blind schema reconstruction when introspection is disabled, authentication and authorization bypass through Relay node IDs and nested object traversal, injection via variables and directives, query batching for brute force and OTP bypass, denial of service through depth bombs and alias amplification, WebSocket subscription hijacking, information disclosure through verbose errors and field suggestion oracles, and file upload abuse via the multipart GraphQL specification. Includes tool-specific guidance for InQL, graphql-cop, CrackQL, BatchQL, Altair, GraphQL Voyager, and clairvoyance. Trigger on: GraphQL, graphql, introspection query, batching attack, query depth, GraphQL injection, GraphQL IDOR, field suggestion, GraphQL auth bypass, GraphQL DoS, GraphQL security, graphql-cop, InQL, CrackQL, BatchQL, Relay node, alias amplificat...
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Advanced API exploitation methodology focused on business logic abuse and sophisticated attack patterns that bypass traditional security controls. Covers business logic bypass through API call chaining and workflow manipulation. Addresses GraphQL-specific attacks including batching for credential brute-force, query depth exploitation, and introspection abuse. Includes pagination exploitation for data exfiltration, webhook hijacking for SSRF and data interception, and resource exhaustion through algorithmic complexity attacks. Covers race conditions in API transactions using parallel request techniques. Provides comprehensive JWT manipulation including algorithm confusion, kid injection, jku/x5u abuse, and claim tampering. Details API key leakage detection across source repositories, client-side code, and error messages. Covers undocumented endpoint discovery through predictable naming, debug routes, and source map analysis. Tooling includes Arjun, ParamSpider, jwt_tool, and GraphQL Voyager. Designed for a...
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Time-of-Check / Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exploitation methodology across binary, kernel, filesystem, web, and container layers. Covers symbolic-link races (open/access/stat split), file-descriptor races, fopen/realpath traversal races, /proc and procfs races, FUSE-backed slow-fs races to widen the window, ptrace and signal races, kernel double-fetch / userspace pointer races, container/runc/symlink escape primitives, kubernetes admission/authz TOCTOU, web auth-vs-authz TOCTOU, JWT-claim TOCTOU at gateway vs service, payment/idempotency races, and modern race-amplification techniques (single-packet attack, slow loris, FUSE pause, cgroup freeze, scheduler shaping). Use when you've identified a 'check then act' pattern in code, when fuzzing for race conditions, or when exploiting concurrency bugs in privileged binaries / kernel / orchestrators.
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Phishing campaign execution methodology for authorized red team engagements. Covers end-to-end campaign lifecycle: infrastructure provisioning (GoPhish, SMTP relay configuration, domain acquisition and aging, SPF/DKIM/DMARC alignment), payload delivery vectors (Office macro weaponization, HTA droppers, ISO/IMG container abuse, LNK shortcut hijacking, OneNote embedded payloads, HTML smuggling), email authentication bypass techniques (SPF softfail exploitation, DKIM replay attacks, display name spoofing, homoglyph and cousin domain registration), credential harvesting with MFA bypass (EvilGinx2 transparent proxy, Modlishka session relay, pixel-perfect HTML cloning), spear phishing pretext development informed by OSINT, email security gateway evasion, QR code phishing (quishing), and callback phishing for initial access. Integrates with GoPhish for campaign management, EvilGinx2 for adversary-in-the-middle credential interception, King Phisher for template design, and the Social Engineering Toolkit for paylo...
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Social engineering attack techniques beyond email phishing for authorized red team and physical penetration testing engagements. Covers pretexting methodology (persona creation, authority and urgency psychological triggers, rapport building), vishing (voice phishing via caller ID spoofing, IVR system exploitation, VoIP infrastructure setup with Twilio/Asterisk), smishing (SMS-based phishing, carrier gateway abuse, short code impersonation), physical social engineering (tailgating and piggybacking, RFID badge cloning with Proxmark3, lock picking and bypass, dumpster diving for sensitive documents), USB drop attacks (Rubber Ducky keystroke injection, Bash Bunny multi-vector payloads, O.MG cable covert implants, BadUSB firmware attacks), watering hole attack planning and execution, and OSINT-driven targeting (LinkedIn harvesting, organizational chart reconstruction, employee pattern analysis). Integrates with the Social Engineering Toolkit for attack automation, Proxmark3 for RFID/NFC cloning, USB Rubber Duc...
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Comprehensive API security testing methodology covering REST, gRPC, and WebSocket attack surfaces. Addresses the full OWASP API Security Top 10 2023 including BOLA/IDOR, broken authentication, excessive data exposure, rate limiting bypass, BFLA, mass assignment, SSRF, and security misconfiguration. Includes REST-specific attacks such as HTTP verb tampering, content-type switching, and parameter pollution. Covers gRPC exploitation through protobuf interception, reflection API enumeration, and metadata injection. Addresses WebSocket vulnerabilities including origin bypass, message injection, and cross-site WebSocket hijacking. Provides tooling guidance for Burp Suite, Postman, grpcurl, websocat, and mitmproxy. Each technique includes detection signatures and defensive indicators so you understand what artifacts your testing leaves behind. Designed for authorized penetration testing engagements against API-driven architectures.
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JWT attack methodology for penetration testers. Covers algorithm confusion (alg:none, RS256→HS256), weak HMAC secret brute force, kid parameter injection (SQLi, path traversal), jku/x5u/jwk header injection, JWKS cache poisoning, JWS/JWE confusion, timing attacks, and mobile JWT storage extraction. Use when testing JWT-based authentication, hunting auth bypass via token manipulation, or evaluating JWT implementation security in web or mobile apps.
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Comprehensive Linux privilege escalation methodology for offensive security engagements. Covers the full attack surface from a low-privilege shell to root: SUID/SGID binary abuse via GTFOBins, Linux capabilities exploitation (cap_setuid, cap_dac_override, cap_dac_read_search), sudo misconfigurations including NOPASSWD rules and Baron Samedit (CVE-2021-3156), cron job abuse through writable scripts, PATH hijacking, and wildcard injection with tar/rsync/chown. Includes writable /etc/passwd attacks, NFS no_root_squash exploitation, kernel exploits (DirtyPipe CVE-2022-0847, DirtyCow CVE-2016-5195, PwnKit CVE-2021-4034), Docker group container escapes, LD_PRELOAD and LD_LIBRARY_PATH hijacking for shared library injection, systemd service misconfigurations, and sensitive file enumeration for credential harvesting. Integrates automated enumeration with LinPEAS, linux-exploit-suggester, pspy for process monitoring, and GTFOBins for binary exploitation. Each technique includes detection signatures and defender-sid...
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Comprehensive offensive methodology for software supply chain attacks covering the full kill chain from reconnaissance through exploitation. Addresses dependency confusion across npm, PyPI, and NuGet ecosystems where internal registry override allows an attacker to inject malicious packages that shadow private dependencies. Covers typosquatting techniques for popular packages, compromised package injection via maintainer account takeover or social engineering, and build system attacks through Makefile injection, setup.py install hooks, and npm postinstall scripts. Extends into CI/CD artifact tampering where build outputs are replaced or modified in transit, code signing abuse through stolen or self-signed certificates, upstream repository compromise via commit injection or force-push to trusted repos, and container image supply chain attacks including base image trojaning and registry confusion. Maps to MITRE ATT&CK T1195.001 (Supply Chain Compromise: Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools...
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Comprehensive secrets extraction methodology targeting CI/CD environments across all major platforms. Covers environment variable extraction from build contexts, exploitation of vault and secrets-manager misconfigurations (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, GCP Secret Manager), runner and agent token abuse for lateral movement, OIDC federation attacks exploiting trust relationships between CI/CD providers and cloud platforms, build log leakage analysis for inadvertently exposed credentials, cache poisoning techniques for credential exfiltration, platform-specific credential store exploitation (GitHub Actions secrets, GitLab CI variables, Jenkins credential providers), service connection and service account abuse in Azure DevOps and GCP, and Docker registry credential theft from build environments. Maps to MITRE ATT&CK T1552 (Unsecured Credentials) and its sub-techniques. Each section provides enumeration procedures, extraction techniques, and post-exploitation pivoting guidance for usi...
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