'ops' 검색 결과

Comprehensive lateral movement tradecraft for authorized red team engagements covering credential-based movement (pass-the-hash, pass-the-ticket, overpass-the-hash), NTLM relay attacks (ntlmrelayx with PetitPotam, DFSCoerce, PrinterBug coercion), remote execution protocols (WMI, WinRM, DCOM, PsExec and alternatives), RDP session hijacking, and network pivoting through tunneling tools (chisel, ligolo-ng, SSH tunnels, SOCKS proxies). Provides operator-ready command sequences for mimikatz, crackmapexec/netexec, impacket suite, and evil-winrm with emphasis on OPSEC considerations, SMB signing bypass, and detection evasion. Maps to MITRE ATT&CK T1021 (Remote Services), T1550 (Use Alternate Authentication Material), and sub-techniques. Includes defender-perspective detection guidance for blue team awareness and a rapid engagement cheatsheet for common lateral movement scenarios encountered during internal penetration tests and assumed-breach exercises.

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Hunt TLS/SSL and DNS misconfigurations — missing HSTS (downgrade attack), weak cipher suites, expired/invalid certificates, mTLS bypass, missing SPF/DKIM/DMARC (email spoofing), DNS Zone Transfer (AXFR), dangling CNAME subdomain takeover, CAA records. Most of these are Info/Low on their own — this skill is opinionated about which findings actually pay (spoofable DMARC with delivered-to-inbox proof, AXFR returning internal hosts, dangling-CNAME takeover) versus which get rejected as best-practice noise (missing CAA, missing HSTS with no MitM position). Use during recon to find infrastructure weaknesses, and to TRIAGE them honestly before reporting.

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You are attacking Layer 2/3 infrastructure during an authorized internal engagement. ARP, DHCP, broadcast name resolution, VLAN trunking, and IPv6 autoconfiguration are all unauthenticated -- you exploit that trust to intercept credentials, redirect traffic, and cross network boundaries.

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Complete reference for 26 web2 bug classes with root causes, detection patterns, bypass tables, exploit techniques, and real paid examples. Covers IDOR, auth bypass, XSS, SSRF (11 IP bypass techniques), SQLi, business logic, race conditions, OAuth/OIDC, file upload (10 bypass techniques), GraphQL, LLM/AI (ASI01-ASI10 agentic framework), API misconfig (mass assignment, JWT attacks, prototype pollution, CORS), ATO taxonomy (9 paths), SSTI (Jinja2/Twig/Freemarker/ERB/Spring), subdomain takeover, cloud/infra misconfigs, HTTP smuggling (CL.TE/TE.CL/H2.CL), cache poisoning, MFA bypass (7 patterns), SAML attacks (XSW/comment injection/signature stripping), error disclosure / debug endpoints (stack trace regex per framework, chain templates), CSS injection (attribute-selector exfiltration, opacity clickjacking, @import). LFI / file inclusion -> RCE (php://filter source disclosure, iconv filter-chain RCE with no upload, log/environ poisoning, .user.ini/.htaccess auto_prepend, data:// + expect:// wrappers, session inclusion, traversal bypass table). Insecure deserialization (PHP __wakeup bypass / phar:// POP chains, Java ysoserial CommonsCollections gadgets + magic bytes, Python pickle __reduce__ + signed-cookie forgery, Node node-serialize). Dependency confusion / supply chain (internal package-name discovery, unclaimed-name confirmation, callback-only PoC, npm/pip/Maven/RubyGems variants). Use when hunting a specific vuln class or studying what makes bugs pay.

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Methodology for detecting client SOC patches, attacker activity, and security-state changes that occur DURING a red-team engagement — and converting those observations into deliverable findings. Built from authorized red-team work where the client patched a confirmed SQLi within 30 minutes of detection AND an external attacker locked multiple new accounts during a single test session. Use when (a) running ANY active engagement against a monitored target, (b) a previously-confirmed finding stops reproducing, (c) baseline timing shifts unexpectedly, or (d) you notice response patterns changing during testing.

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Insecure deserialization exploitation across Java, PHP, .NET, Python, Node.js, and Ruby. Covers gadget chain construction with ysoserial/phpggc/ysoserial.net, ObjectInputStream and BinaryFormatter sink identification, pickle __reduce__ RCE, phar:// wrapper abuse, Jackson polymorphic typing, Json.NET TypeNameHandling, ViewState tampering, node-serialize IIFE injection, Ruby Marshal.load and YAML.load gadgets, framework-specific chains for Spring/Hibernate/Laravel/Symfony, modern attack surfaces including Kubernetes admission webhooks and message queue consumers, WAF bypass through encoding layers and content-type manipulation, and serialVersionUID/JMX/RMI vectors. Activate when the engagement involves deserialization sinks, serialized data in cookies or request bodies, gadget chain development, magic method abuse, ysoserial payload generation, or any review of marshalling and unmarshalling logic in target applications.

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Dense methodology covering DNS exfiltration (dnscat2, iodine, dns2tcp), HTTPS tunneling (domain fronting, CDN abuse, legitimate service channels), ICMP tunneling (icmpsh, ptunnel-ng), cloud storage dead drops (S3 presigned URLs, Azure Blob SAS tokens, GCS signed URLs), email-based exfil (SMTP, EWS, draft method), steganography (image, audio, document metadata), encoding/encryption (base64 chunking, XOR, AES), covert channels (custom protocol tunneling, HTTP header encoding, timing channels), and data staging (compression, splitting, encryption). Tools: dnscat2, iodine, dns2tcp, PacketWhisper, chisel, stunnel, icmpsh, ptunnel-ng, steghide, zsteg, OpenStego. MITRE ATT&CK: T1048 (Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol), T1041 (Exfiltration Over C2 Channel), T1567 (Exfiltration Over Web Service), T1029 (Scheduled Transfer), T1030 (Data Transfer Size Limits), T1132 (Data Encoding), T1001 (Data Obfuscation). Use when planning or executing data exfiltration during authorized red team engagements or post-exploita...

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You are helping a penetration tester enumerate infrastructure services on

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Okta-as-IdP red-team attack chain — tenant discovery, user enumeration (multiple vectors), authentication flow analysis (factors enumeration, push-notification fatigue, SMS bypass), password spray with lockout discipline, Okta-specific phishing primitives (kits, FastPass abuse, OIDC redirect_uri tampering), MFA enumeration, post-compromise admin API surface. Many enterprise orgs use Okta instead of (or alongside) Entra ID. Distinct endpoints, distinct rate-limiting, distinct factor flows. Use when recon shows `<tenant>.okta.com`, `<tenant>.okta-emea.com`, `<tenant>.oktapreview.com`, or autodiscover-style records pointing at Okta IdP.

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Microsoft 365 / Entra ID red-team attack chain — current 2026 reality. AADSTS code reference, user enumeration vectors (with hardening status), Smart Lockout math, Conditional Access bypass options, ROPC + SAML SSO browser flow, Burp/Playwright templates. Built from authorized red-team work where ROPC spray surfaced pre-existing lockouts and CA-blocked credentials, plus real-time external attacker activity correlation. Use for any M365/Entra credential attack, password spray, user enumeration, CA-bypass exploration, or active-attacker-detection scenario.

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VMware vSphere / vCenter Server external attack matrix — version fingerprinting, the high-impact CVE chain (CVE-2021-21972 vRealize unauth file upload, CVE-2021-21985 vSAN plugin RCE, CVE-2022-22954 Workspace ONE SSTI, CVE-2023-20887 Aria RCE, CVE-2024-37085 ESXi AD bypass, CVE-2023-34048 vCenter DCERPC OOB write APT-exploited), default credentials, SSO configuration disclosure, vmdir LDAP enumeration, ESXi Open SLP RCE history. ONLY for vCenter / Workspace ONE / Aria instances exposed to the internet — internal-network vCenter is out of scope per the external-only boundary. Use when recon shows port 443 with vCenter banner, `/ui` redirect, `/websso/SAML2/Metadata`, or VMware product fingerprints.

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Kubernetes cluster attack techniques covering the full attack lifecycle from initial foothold in a pod to cluster-wide compromise. Covers service account token theft and impersonation, RBAC misconfiguration exploitation including wildcard permissions and privilege escalation via role binding, direct etcd access for secret extraction, kubelet API abuse on port 10250 and read-only port 10255, pod escape via hostPID hostNetwork and hostPath volume mounts, Kubernetes secrets enumeration and decoding, admission controller bypass techniques, network policy bypass and lateral movement, cloud metadata service access from pods for credential theft on AWS EKS GCP GKE and Azure AKS, CRD and operator abuse for persistence, and node compromise via DaemonSet deployment. Tools include kubectl, kube-hunter, peirates, kubeaudit, kdigger, kubeletctl. Maps to MITRE ATT&CK T1609 Container Administration Command, T1610 Deploy Container, T1613 Container and Resource Discovery. Use this skill when assessing Kubernetes clusters,...

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Container escape and breakout techniques targeting Docker, containerd, and Podman runtimes. Covers privileged container breakout via host filesystem mount and nsenter, Docker socket abuse through /var/run/docker.sock, Linux capability exploitation including CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SYS_PTRACE, and CAP_NET_ADMIN, cgroup v1 notify_on_release escape, runc CVEs such as CVE-2019-5736 and CVE-2024-21626 Leaky Vessels, kernel exploits from within containers, and Dockerfile misconfigurations like --privileged and host namespace sharing. Includes enumeration with capsh, amicontained, deepce, CDK, and nsenter. Maps to MITRE ATT&CK T1611 Escape to Host. Use this skill when the engagement scope includes container breakout, Docker escape, container privilege escalation, host access from container, or when you land inside a containerized environment and need to reach the underlying host.

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Cloud security attack methodology covering AWS, Azure, and GCP. Includes credential harvesting (IMDS, ~/.aws, env vars, leaked CI secrets, instance roles), enumeration with cloud-specific tools (pacu, ScoutSuite, Prowler, ROADtools, gcp_enum), privilege escalation paths (IAM PassRole, AssumeRole chains, Lambda/Functions privilege flips, Azure Owner-on-self, GCP serviceAccountTokenCreator), persistence techniques (IAM user/key creation, AAD app registration, GCP svc account key creation, EventBridge/Logic Apps backdoors), data exfiltration (S3/Blob/GCS, snapshot share, RDS/CosmosDB/Cloud SQL exfil), cloud-native lateral movement (cross-account assume, Azure AD multi-tenant, GCP project hierarchy), serverless attacks (Lambda env vars, layer hijack, Step Functions), Kubernetes-on-cloud (EKS/AKS/GKE-specific paths to node and AWS metadata), and CSPM evasion (CloudTrail blind spots, GuardDuty mute, Sentinel rule shaping). Use when the engagement scope is cloud accounts, when you've stolen cloud credentials, or...

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You are helping a penetration tester escape from a containerized environment or

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Hunt Kubernetes & Docker — API anonymous access, kubelet 10250 exec (SPDY/WebSocket, NOT plain POST) and the simpler /run primitive, etcd 2379 unauth, dashboard skip-login, RBAC misconfig, secret/SA-token abuse, docker.sock host escape, runc/container-escape (Leaky Vessels CVE-2024-21626), API-server-mediated nodes/proxy RCE, EphemeralContainers node-shell, bound/projected SA-token audience+expiry abuse, admission-controller bypass, Helm/Tiller remnants. Use when target runs containerized infra, exposes K8s ports (6443/10250/10255/2379/8443), or cloud metadata reveals K8s service accounts.

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Cloud IAM red-team attack chain across AWS, Azure, GCP — focused on EXTERNAL exploitation paths and post-credential-discovery privilege analysis. Covers IAM enumeration (aws iam, az role, gcloud iam), STS/AssumeRole chaining, Azure Managed Identity abuse (via SSRF/leak), GCP service account JSON abuse, IMDSv1/v2 attacks via SSRF, K8s ServiceAccount token privilege analysis once held (token discovery / cluster exposure is owned by hunt-k8s), role-trust-policy confused-deputy, cross-account assume-role enumeration, IAM privilege escalation patterns (24+ AWS, 8+ Azure, 6+ GCP), and AWS Cognito Identity Pool unauthenticated-role attack chain (GetId → GetCredentialsForIdentity → IAM role abuse). Built for the case where recon yields a credential (key, JSON, token) and you need to know what it grants and how to escalate. Use when an AWS key / Azure secret / GCP service account JSON / K8s SA token surfaces from a code repo, JS bundle, APK, breach corpus, or SSRF chain.

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Active Directory attack methodology for internal network red team engagements. Covers reconnaissance (BloodHound, PowerView, ADExplorer), credential abuse (Kerberoasting, ASREProasting, NTLM relay, LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning), privilege escalation (ACL abuse, GPO abuse, unconstrained/constrained delegation), lateral movement (Pass-the-Hash, Pass-the-Ticket, Overpass-the-Hash, WMI/WinRM/PsExec), persistence (Golden/Silver/Diamond Tickets, DCSync, DCShadow, AdminSDHolder, Skeleton Key), forest trust attacks, ADCS abuse (ESC1-ESC15), and modern MDI/Defender for Identity evasion. Use when assessing on-prem AD, hybrid AD/Entra ID environments, or ADCS deployments.

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NTLM info disclosure is a Medium-severity finding when chained to context — the leak itself is intentional protocol behavior (RFC-compliant NTLMSSP challenge), but on internet-exposed enterprise infrastructure it provides exact reconnaissance for the next stage of an attack. Highest-value targets:

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curl -s 'https://TARGET-NAME.s3.amazonaws.com/?max-keys=10'

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Expert in Langfuse - the open-source LLM observability platform. Covers tracing, prompt management, evaluation, datasets, and integration with LangChain, LlamaIndex, and OpenAI. Essential for debugging, monitoring, and improving LLM applications in production. Use when: langfuse, llm observability, llm tracing, prompt management, llm evaluation.

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Query Find My locations and battery status for family devices via iCloud.

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Control LG smart appliances via ThinQ API. Use when user asks about their fridge, washer, dryer, AC, or other LG appliances. Supports checking status, changing temperature, toggling modes (express, eco), and monitoring door status.

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Browser automation for Kubernetes dashboards and web UIs. Use when interacting with Kubernetes Dashboard, Grafana, ArgoCD UI, or other web interfaces. Requires MCP_BROWSER_ENABLED=true.

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