'api' 검색 결과

Offensive methodology for attacking GraphQL APIs during penetration tests and bug bounty engagements. Covers the full attack lifecycle: endpoint discovery, introspection abuse and blind schema reconstruction when introspection is disabled, authentication and authorization bypass through Relay node IDs and nested object traversal, injection via variables and directives, query batching for brute force and OTP bypass, denial of service through depth bombs and alias amplification, WebSocket subscription hijacking, information disclosure through verbose errors and field suggestion oracles, and file upload abuse via the multipart GraphQL specification. Includes tool-specific guidance for InQL, graphql-cop, CrackQL, BatchQL, Altair, GraphQL Voyager, and clairvoyance. Trigger on: GraphQL, graphql, introspection query, batching attack, query depth, GraphQL injection, GraphQL IDOR, field suggestion, GraphQL auth bypass, GraphQL DoS, GraphQL security, graphql-cop, InQL, CrackQL, BatchQL, Relay node, alias amplificat...

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Time-of-Check / Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition exploitation methodology across binary, kernel, filesystem, web, and container layers. Covers symbolic-link races (open/access/stat split), file-descriptor races, fopen/realpath traversal races, /proc and procfs races, FUSE-backed slow-fs races to widen the window, ptrace and signal races, kernel double-fetch / userspace pointer races, container/runc/symlink escape primitives, kubernetes admission/authz TOCTOU, web auth-vs-authz TOCTOU, JWT-claim TOCTOU at gateway vs service, payment/idempotency races, and modern race-amplification techniques (single-packet attack, slow loris, FUSE pause, cgroup freeze, scheduler shaping). Use when you've identified a 'check then act' pattern in code, when fuzzing for race conditions, or when exploiting concurrency bugs in privileged binaries / kernel / orchestrators.

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Hunt JWT cryptographic failures — alg:none signature-stripping and RS256→HS256 key-confusion that let an attacker forge a token for any identity (e.g. an admin) without knowing a secret. Use when the app authenticates with a JSON Web Token (an `eyJ...` Bearer token in the Authorization header, a cookie, or a login response). This skill OWNS JWT signature/crypto forgery (alg:none, key confusion, kid/jku header injection); hunt-ato covers JWT as one ATO path, hunt-auth-bypass covers SSO/SAML token trust, hunt-api-misconfig covers non-crypto JWT handling. Critical when a forged token grants access to another user's data or an admin-only endpoint.

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Hunt gRPC vulnerabilities — server reflection enabled (enumerate all services/methods), missing authentication / metadata-stripping on internal endpoints, plaintext gRPC over HTTP/2, internal endpoint disclosure, proto file leakage, gRPC-Web/grpc-gateway transcoding injection, and HTTP/2 Rapid Reset DoS (CVE-2023-44487). Use when target exposes port 50051 / 443 / 8443 / 9090 with HTTP/2, when grpcurl/grpcui detects reflection, when an Envoy or grpc-gateway proxy is fronting a microservice, or when recon reveals a microservice architecture.

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IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) testing checklist: object ID enumeration, horizontal/vertical privilege escalation, GUID predictability, indirect references via hashes, chained IDOR, and API endpoint IDOR. Use for web app pentests and bug bounty IDOR discovery.

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Business logic vulnerability testing for web/mobile/API engagements. Covers workflow bypass, state machine violations, multi-step process abuse, price/quantity/discount manipulation, currency confusion, coupon stacking, refund/chargeback abuse, race conditions on logic boundaries, parameter tampering for hidden flows, role/tenant boundary violations, time-of-check vs use, anti-automation defeat, fraud-detection evasion, and subscription/quota abuse. Use when scoping an application after surface-level OWASP Top 10 has been covered, or when the asset is a transactional/marketplace/fintech/e-commerce/SaaS app where logic flaws produce direct financial impact.

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Hunt Microsoft SharePoint Server (2013/2016/2019/Subscription Edition) on-prem farms — anonymous endpoint enumeration, version disclosure, legacy SOAP login bypass (Authentication.asmx), ToolShell precondition chain (CVE-2025-53770), SafeControl reflection enumeration via Picker.aspx, NTLM Type-2 AD topology disclosure, custom-branding module discovery, EoL farm permanent-CVE-window exploitation, FormDigest anonymous issuance, file-extension blocklist NOT-an-oracle pattern, custom-zone Forms auth bridging on-prem AD. Use when target has SharePoint headers (SPRequestGuid, X-MS-InvokeApp, X-SharePointHealthScore, MicrosoftSharePointTeamServices) or paths (/_layouts/15/, /_vti_bin/, /_api/, /_catalogs/).

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SQL injection testing skill for offensive security assessments and bug bounty hunting. Covers error-based, UNION-based, boolean/time-based blind, out-of-band, second-order, NoSQL, GraphQL, WebSocket, and JSON-operator SQLi. Includes WAF bypass techniques, database-specific exploitation (MySQL, MSSQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle), cloud-native attack paths, ORM CVE tracking, and SQLmap automation. Use when performing web application SQL injection testing, database enumeration, privilege escalation via SQLi, or assessing injection vectors in APIs and modern stacks.

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Hunting skill for ssrf vulnerabilities. Built from 15 public bug bounty reports including AWS metadata SSRF (HackerOne $25k Analytics PDF, Shopify Exchange $25k, Capital One 106M-record breach, Dropbox/HelloSign $4,913), GCP metadata SSRF (Snapchat $4k), Azure IMDS SSRF (Azure DevOps $15k chain, ChatGPT Custom Actions MSRC), DNS rebinding SSRF (Concrete CMS, GitLab UrlBlocker), gopher-protocol-to-Redis-RCE (Yahoo Mail $15k), link-preview SSRF (Reddit Matrix $6k), and headless-browser PDF-generator SSRF chains. Use when hunting SSRF on any target — OOB Collaborator confirmation mandatory for blind cases.

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Hunt CORS Misconfiguration — origin-reflection with credentials, null-origin trust, subdomain-regex bypass (unanchored vs unescaped-dot vs prefix-only), pre-flight (OPTIONS) gating bypass, postMessage origin checks. High only when an attacker-controlled origin can perform a CREDENTIALED cross-origin read of sensitive data and you have proven it in a browser. Use when testing API endpoints, SPAs, or any app emitting Access-Control-* headers.

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Comprehensive OSINT methodology for external red-team operations and authorized attack-surface assessments. Covers the 5-stage recon pipeline (seed discovery, asset expansion, enrichment, exposure analysis, reporting), asset-graph discipline with 29 asset types, severity rubric (CRITICAL/HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW/INFO), confidence upgrade workflows, time budgeting, asset-level triage rules, scale-based tactics, identity-fabric mapping (Entra/Okta/ADFS/Google/SAML/M365 Teams+SharePoint+OAuth), API and auth-map methodology, JavaScript deep analysis, mobile attack surface, cloud attack surface, breach×identity correlation, detectability tagging, detection-aware probing (back-off, persona rotation), read-only validator discipline, WAF/CDN bypass + origin discovery, vulnerability prioritization (CVE/EPSS/KEV), phishing infrastructure planning + pretext development, bug bounty submission templates, client deliverable templates with risk translation, threat-actor investigation (incl. RU/CN pivots), cryptocurrency tracing,...

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User.update(req.body) // body has {'role': 'admin'} → privilege escalation

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Comprehensive Windows privilege escalation methodology for offensive security engagements. Covers the full attack surface from a standard user shell to NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM: token impersonation via SeImpersonate and SeAssignPrimaryToken privileges using JuicyPotato, PrintSpoofer, GodPotato, SweetPotato, and RoguePotato; service misconfigurations including unquoted service paths, weak service DACLs, writable service binaries, and insecure service creation permissions; AlwaysInstallElevated MSI exploitation; DLL hijacking through search order abuse, phantom DLL loading, and writable PATH directory injection; UAC bypass techniques via fodhelper.exe, eventvwr.exe, CMSTP, and environment variable manipulation; scheduled task abuse for writable task actions and new task creation; registry autorun exploitation for persistence and escalation; PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-34527) for remote and local privilege escalation; and credential harvesting from SAM database extraction, DPAPI blob decryption, LSA secret dumping,...

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Comprehensive lateral movement tradecraft for authorized red team engagements covering credential-based movement (pass-the-hash, pass-the-ticket, overpass-the-hash), NTLM relay attacks (ntlmrelayx with PetitPotam, DFSCoerce, PrinterBug coercion), remote execution protocols (WMI, WinRM, DCOM, PsExec and alternatives), RDP session hijacking, and network pivoting through tunneling tools (chisel, ligolo-ng, SSH tunnels, SOCKS proxies). Provides operator-ready command sequences for mimikatz, crackmapexec/netexec, impacket suite, and evil-winrm with emphasis on OPSEC considerations, SMB signing bypass, and detection evasion. Maps to MITRE ATT&CK T1021 (Remote Services), T1550 (Use Alternate Authentication Material), and sub-techniques. Includes defender-perspective detection guidance for blue team awareness and a rapid engagement cheatsheet for common lateral movement scenarios encountered during internal penetration tests and assumed-breach exercises.

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Web2 recon pipeline — subdomain enumeration (subfinder, Chaos API, assetfinder), live host discovery (dnsx, httpx), URL crawling (katana, waybackurls, gau), directory fuzzing (ffuf), JS analysis (LinkFinder, SecretFinder), continuous monitoring (new subdomain alerts, JS change detection, GitHub commit watch). Use when starting recon on any web2 target or when asked about asset discovery, subdomain enum, or attack surface mapping.

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End-to-end Android APK red-team pipeline — automated APK acquisition (Play Store + apkpure + apkmirror fallback), jadx decompilation, secret/URL/JWT/Firebase grep, pinned-cert extraction, exported-component enumeration, Frida runtime instrumentation templates, intent-injection probes. Built from an authorized external red-team engagement where 7 APKs were pulled manually, 4 download attempts truncated, and a hardcoded JWT + 30 internal API endpoints were recovered from one of the apps. Use when target has a mobile app catalogue (Play Store developer page), when you find an APK URL hosted on a web server, or when post-recon mentions 'mobile app' in scope.

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Hunt LDAP Injection and XPath Injection — authentication bypass, blind char-by-char attribute exfiltration, AD user/group enumeration, XML-store XPath bypass. Covers the LDAP special-character set (* ( ) NUL /), search-filter-context vs DN-injection, parenthesis-balancing, AND/OR filter logic, and {SSHA}/{CRYPT} userPassword exfil on non-AD directories. Use when target uses LDAP/AD authentication, corporate SSO with a directory backend, an address-book/people-search API, or XML-based data stores queried with XPath.

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Shellcode development reference for offensive security engagements. Use when writing custom x86/x64 shellcode, implementing position-independent code (PIC), building shellcode loaders, evading AV/EDR detection, or converting PE files to shellcode. Covers null byte avoidance, API hashing, encoder/decoder patterns, staged vs stageless payloads, Windows PEB traversal, and cross-platform shellcode techniques.

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Mobile (Android + iOS) application penetration testing methodology. Covers static analysis (apktool/jadx for Android, class-dump/Hopper/IDA for iOS), dynamic instrumentation with Frida and Objection, SSL pinning bypass strategies, root/jailbreak detection bypass, deep-link / URL-scheme abuse, exported component attacks (Android activities, services, providers, receivers; iOS XPC, URL schemes, universal links), insecure data storage (SharedPrefs, KeyStore misuse, NSUserDefaults, Keychain ACL bypass), IPC / Intent redirection, WebView vulnerabilities (JavaScriptInterface, file:// access), Firebase/AWS/Azure misconfiguration leakage, mobile API testing, biometric/Face ID/Touch ID bypass, app-cloning and runtime patching, and mobile malware/RAT analysis primitives. Use for mobile pentest, bug bounty mobile triage, or app-store reconnaissance.

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Complete reference for 26 web2 bug classes with root causes, detection patterns, bypass tables, exploit techniques, and real paid examples. Covers IDOR, auth bypass, XSS, SSRF (11 IP bypass techniques), SQLi, business logic, race conditions, OAuth/OIDC, file upload (10 bypass techniques), GraphQL, LLM/AI (ASI01-ASI10 agentic framework), API misconfig (mass assignment, JWT attacks, prototype pollution, CORS), ATO taxonomy (9 paths), SSTI (Jinja2/Twig/Freemarker/ERB/Spring), subdomain takeover, cloud/infra misconfigs, HTTP smuggling (CL.TE/TE.CL/H2.CL), cache poisoning, MFA bypass (7 patterns), SAML attacks (XSW/comment injection/signature stripping), error disclosure / debug endpoints (stack trace regex per framework, chain templates), CSS injection (attribute-selector exfiltration, opacity clickjacking, @import). LFI / file inclusion -> RCE (php://filter source disclosure, iconv filter-chain RCE with no upload, log/environ poisoning, .user.ini/.htaccess auto_prepend, data:// + expect:// wrappers, session inclusion, traversal bypass table). Insecure deserialization (PHP __wakeup bypass / phar:// POP chains, Java ysoserial CommonsCollections gadgets + magic bytes, Python pickle __reduce__ + signed-cookie forgery, Node node-serialize). Dependency confusion / supply chain (internal package-name discovery, unclaimed-name confirmation, callback-only PoC, npm/pip/Maven/RubyGems variants). Use when hunting a specific vuln class or studying what makes bugs pay.

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Cloud security attack methodology covering AWS, Azure, and GCP. Includes credential harvesting (IMDS, ~/.aws, env vars, leaked CI secrets, instance roles), enumeration with cloud-specific tools (pacu, ScoutSuite, Prowler, ROADtools, gcp_enum), privilege escalation paths (IAM PassRole, AssumeRole chains, Lambda/Functions privilege flips, Azure Owner-on-self, GCP serviceAccountTokenCreator), persistence techniques (IAM user/key creation, AAD app registration, GCP svc account key creation, EventBridge/Logic Apps backdoors), data exfiltration (S3/Blob/GCS, snapshot share, RDS/CosmosDB/Cloud SQL exfil), cloud-native lateral movement (cross-account assume, Azure AD multi-tenant, GCP project hierarchy), serverless attacks (Lambda env vars, layer hijack, Step Functions), Kubernetes-on-cloud (EKS/AKS/GKE-specific paths to node and AWS metadata), and CSPM evasion (CloudTrail blind spots, GuardDuty mute, Sentinel rule shaping). Use when the engagement scope is cloud accounts, when you've stolen cloud credentials, or...

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Kubernetes cluster attack techniques covering the full attack lifecycle from initial foothold in a pod to cluster-wide compromise. Covers service account token theft and impersonation, RBAC misconfiguration exploitation including wildcard permissions and privilege escalation via role binding, direct etcd access for secret extraction, kubelet API abuse on port 10250 and read-only port 10255, pod escape via hostPID hostNetwork and hostPath volume mounts, Kubernetes secrets enumeration and decoding, admission controller bypass techniques, network policy bypass and lateral movement, cloud metadata service access from pods for credential theft on AWS EKS GCP GKE and Azure AKS, CRD and operator abuse for persistence, and node compromise via DaemonSet deployment. Tools include kubectl, kube-hunter, peirates, kubeaudit, kdigger, kubeletctl. Maps to MITRE ATT&CK T1609 Container Administration Command, T1610 Deploy Container, T1613 Container and Resource Discovery. Use this skill when assessing Kubernetes clusters,...

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Okta-as-IdP red-team attack chain — tenant discovery, user enumeration (multiple vectors), authentication flow analysis (factors enumeration, push-notification fatigue, SMS bypass), password spray with lockout discipline, Okta-specific phishing primitives (kits, FastPass abuse, OIDC redirect_uri tampering), MFA enumeration, post-compromise admin API surface. Many enterprise orgs use Okta instead of (or alongside) Entra ID. Distinct endpoints, distinct rate-limiting, distinct factor flows. Use when recon shows `<tenant>.okta.com`, `<tenant>.okta-emea.com`, `<tenant>.oktapreview.com`, or autodiscover-style records pointing at Okta IdP.

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Gmail, Calendar, Drive, Docs, Sheets — NO Google Cloud Console required. Just OAuth sign-in. Zero setup complexity vs traditional Google API integrations.

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