'20' 검색 결과

Reconstructed reference notes on EU and UK medical-device software, built from six sources captured 2026-10-13: MDCG 2019-11 rev.1 (June 2025), MDCG 2020-6 (April 2020), MDCG 2020-13 (July 2020), MDCG 2020-7 (April 2020), MDCG 2020-8 (April 2020), and the MHRA software-applications guidance (2023-07-01) with its stand-alone software PDF. Use for SaMD qualification and classification, legacy-device clinical evidence, the clinical evaluation assessment report, the PMCF plan, and the PMCF evaluation report, under EU MDCG guidance or UK MHRA guidance. SCOPE LIMITS: EU MDR and UK MHRA device software only; no IEC 62304, ISO 13485, or ISO 14971 text; no MDR or IVDR regulation body text; MDCG guidance is not legally binding; MHRA guidance is UK-specific; synthesized notes, not legal advice. LICENCE: Per-document: European Commission reuse policy (Decision 2011/833/EU, CC BY 4.0, attribution and indication of changes) for the MDCG documents; Open Government Licence v3.0 for the MHRA guidance; reconstructed notes with attribution; official PDFs not redistributed.

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Infers person-to-person transmission from pathogen genomes using outbreaker2 (Campbell 2018), TransPhylo (Didelot 2017), phybreak (Klinkenberg 2017), BadTrIP (De Maio 2018), SCOTTI (De Maio 2016), BEASTLIER (Hall 2015), and SNP-distance / cluster-picker approaches (HIV-TRACE for HIV; transcluster). Defines outbreak clusters using pathogen-specific SNP thresholds (NOT a universal cutoff -- TB <=12 SNPs / Walker 2013; MRSA <=15 / Coll 2017; C. difficile <=2 / Eyre 2013; Klebsiella <=21 / Snitkin 2012), models within-host diversity and transmission bottlenecks (Worby-Lipsitch-Hanage 2014; McCrone 2018; Sobel Leonard 2017; Lythgoe 2021 SARS-CoV-2), integrates contact-tracing data, distinguishes generation interval from serial interval (Britton & Scalia Tomba 2019; Ali 2020), attributes source via Bayesian source attribution (Mather 2013 DT104; islandR), and reconciles transmission-network reconstruction with epi metadata. Use when investigating outbreaks for who-infected-whom, defining SNP-cluster outbreak definitions, accounting for unsampled intermediates, choosing between outbreaker2 (rich epi data) and TransPhylo (genomic-only after dated phylogeny), running source attribution between host populations, calling HIV-TRACE thresholds appropriate to the local subtype, or distinguishing recent transmission from reactivation in TB / chronic HIV.

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Infers person-to-person transmission from pathogen genomes using outbreaker2 (Campbell 2018), TransPhylo (Didelot 2017), phybreak (Klinkenberg 2017), BadTrIP (De Maio 2018), SCOTTI (De Maio 2016), BEASTLIER (Hall 2015), and SNP-distance / cluster-picker approaches (HIV-TRACE for HIV; transcluster). Defines outbreak clusters using pathogen-specific SNP thresholds (NOT a universal cutoff -- TB <=12 SNPs / Walker 2013; MRSA <=15 / Coll 2017; C. difficile <=2 / Eyre 2013; Klebsiella <=21 / Snitkin 2012), models within-host diversity and transmission bottlenecks (Worby-Lipsitch-Hanage 2014; McCrone 2018; Sobel Leonard 2017; Lythgoe 2021 SARS-CoV-2), integrates contact-tracing data, distinguishes generation interval from serial interval (Britton & Scalia Tomba 2019; Ali 2020), attributes source via Bayesian source attribution (Mather 2013 DT104; islandR), and reconciles transmission-network reconstruction with epi metadata. Use when investigating outbreaks for who-infected-whom, defining SNP-cluster outbreak definitions, accounting for unsampled intermediates, choosing between outbreaker2 (rich epi data) and TransPhylo (genomic-only after dated phylogeny), running source attribution between host populations, calling HIV-TRACE thresholds appropriate to the local subtype, or distinguishing recent transmission from reactivation in TB / chronic HIV.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Draft and check a systematic literature review using PRISMA 2020, a reporting guideline for transparent reviews. Organize methods and findings into a Word manuscript, create a study selection flow diagram, and format references in APA 7th Edition style.

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• Drafting a first systematic literature review
• Turning a protocol or extraction sheet into a manuscript
• Creating a PRISMA study selection flow diagram

Reconstructed reference notes on EASA acceptable means of compliance for airborne software and airborne electronic hardware, built from AMC 20-115D (ED Decision 2017/020/R, AMC-20 Amendment 14, consolidated in Amendment 23) and AMC 20-152A (ED Decision 2020/010/R, AMC-20 Amendment 19, consolidated in Amendment 23), read from the Easy Access Rules AMC-20 compilation (Amendment 23, June 2023) and pinned 2026-09-26. Use for EASA software means of compliance, EASA AEH means of compliance, AltMoC, ETSO software, and the joint software and hardware certification workflow. SCOPE LIMITS: the two AMC sections only; no FAA content (use faa-8110-49); no RTCA DO-178C or DO-254, EUROCAE ED-12C or ED-80, or supplement clause text (use avionics-signpost to name them); no Part-21 body; no bulk AMC-20; AMC 20-193 and AMC 20-189 are name-only; reflects Amendment 23 as consolidated in the June 2023 EAR, not a later AMC-20 amendment; synthesized reference notes, not legal advice and not the official AMC. LICENCE: per-document (EASA site reproduction-with-acknowledgement grant, qualified by ED Decision all-rights-reserved footers); pack-level commercial use is not granted.

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Detect introgression and admixture between species or populations using Dsuite (Malinsky 2021 fast D-statistics), Patterson's D / ABBA-BABA test (Green 2010; Durand 2011), f4-ratio and f-branch statistic (Malinsky 2018), TreeMix (Pickrell & Pritchard 2012), HyDe (Blischak 2018), QuIBL (Edelman 2019), sprime (Browning 2018), Twisst (Martin 2017), PhyloNet (Solis-Lemus 2017) for explicit phylogenetic networks, and qpAdm / qpGraph (Patterson 2012; Lipson 2013). Distinguish introgression from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), ancestral structure, ghost-lineage admixture, and rate variation. Use when testing inter-species gene flow, dating admixture events, identifying introgressed segments, building phylogenetic networks for reticulate evolution, or applying the ABBAclustering (Koppetsch-Malinsky-Matschiner 2024) framework for divergent-species gene flow.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Detect introgression and admixture between species or populations using Dsuite (Malinsky 2021 fast D-statistics), Patterson's D / ABBA-BABA test (Green 2010; Durand 2011), f4-ratio and f-branch statistic (Malinsky 2018), TreeMix (Pickrell & Pritchard 2012), HyDe (Blischak 2018), QuIBL (Edelman 2019), sprime (Browning 2018), Twisst (Martin 2017), PhyloNet (Solis-Lemus 2017) for explicit phylogenetic networks, and qpAdm / qpGraph (Patterson 2012; Lipson 2013). Distinguish introgression from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), ancestral structure, ghost-lineage admixture, and rate variation. Use when testing inter-species gene flow, dating admixture events, identifying introgressed segments, building phylogenetic networks for reticulate evolution, or applying the ABBAclustering (Koppetsch-Malinsky-Matschiner 2024) framework for divergent-species gene flow.

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H100과 H200의 GPU 재고를 조회하고 고정 요금 견적 요청과 조달 현황을 확인합니다. 기기 인증 해제와 명시적으로 허가받은 노드 검증도 지원합니다.

• H100 및 H200 재고 확인
• 고정 요금 견적 요청
• 견적과 조달 진행 상황 확인

Delimits putative species boundaries from molecular data within the de Queiroz 2007 unified-lineage framework using ASAP (Puillandre 2021 successor to ABGD), mPTP C++ (Kapli 2017 successor to bPTP; bPTP is Python NOT R), GMYC single/multi-threshold (Pons 2006; Fujisawa 2013), multilocus BPP v4 with prior calibration from data (NOT defaults; Yang 2015), SNAPP + BFD* for SNP delimitation, DELINEATE (Sukumaran 2021) speciation-process modeling to address Sukumaran & Knowles 2017 PNAS critique that MSC delimits structure not species, integrative-taxonomy congruence (Padial 2010; Carstens 2013), Dsuite for introgression testing before sister claims (Malinsky 2021), and Meyer & Paulay 2005 barcoding-gap-absence caveat. Use when delineating species from DNA barcoding data, resolving cryptic complexes, choosing among ASAP/mPTP/BPP/DELINEATE, calibrating BPP priors, distinguishing introgression from ILS, or applying the Sukumaran-Knowles oversplitting correction.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Detect introgression and admixture between species or populations using Dsuite (Malinsky 2021 fast D-statistics), Patterson's D / ABBA-BABA test (Green 2010; Durand 2011), f4-ratio and f-branch statistic (Malinsky 2018), TreeMix (Pickrell & Pritchard 2012), HyDe (Blischak 2018), QuIBL (Edelman 2019), sprime (Browning 2018), Twisst (Martin 2017), PhyloNet (Than 2008) for explicit phylogenetic networks, and qpAdm / qpGraph (Patterson 2012). Distinguish introgression from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), ancestral structure, ghost-lineage admixture, and rate variation. Use when testing inter-species gene flow, dating admixture events, identifying introgressed segments, building phylogenetic networks for reticulate evolution, or applying the ABBAclustering (Koppetsch-Malinsky-Matschiner 2024) framework for divergent-species gene flow.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Applies ACMG/AMP 2015 framework with ClinGen SVI specifications, Tavtigian 2018/2020 Bayesian point system, Abou Tayoun 2018 PVS1 decision tree, Pejaver 2022 and Bergquist 2025 calibrated PP3/BP4 thresholds for REVEL/BayesDel/AlphaMissense, Brnich 2020 PS3/BS3 OddsPath, Walker 2023 SpliceAI splicing framework, and AMP/ASCO/CAP 2017 tumor tiers. Use when classifying germline variants P / LP / VUS / LB / B, applying VCEP-specific CSpec rules, computing Whiffin BS1, or assigning cancer Tier I-IV per Li 2017.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Delimits putative species boundaries from molecular data within the de Queiroz 2007 unified-lineage framework using ASAP (Puillandre 2021 successor to ABGD), mPTP C++ (Kapli 2017 successor to bPTP; bPTP is Python NOT R), GMYC single/multi-threshold (Pons 2006; Fujisawa 2013), multilocus BPP v4 with prior calibration from data (NOT defaults; Yang 2015), SNAPP + BFD* for SNP delimitation, DELINEATE (Sukumaran 2021) speciation-process modeling to address Sukumaran & Knowles 2017 PNAS critique that MSC delimits structure not species, integrative-taxonomy congruence (Padial 2010; Carstens 2013), Dsuite for introgression testing before sister claims (Malinsky 2021), and Meyer & Paulay 2005 barcoding-gap-absence caveat. Use when delineating species from DNA barcoding data, resolving cryptic complexes, choosing among ASAP/mPTP/BPP/DELINEATE, calibrating BPP priors, distinguishing introgression from ILS, or applying the Sukumaran-Knowles oversplitting correction.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Detect introgression and admixture between species or populations using Dsuite (Malinsky 2021 fast D-statistics), Patterson's D / ABBA-BABA test (Green 2010; Durand 2011), f4-ratio and f-branch statistic (Malinsky 2018), TreeMix (Pickrell & Pritchard 2012), HyDe (Blischak 2018), QuIBL (Edelman 2019), sprime (Browning 2018), Twisst (Martin 2017), PhyloNet (Than 2008) for explicit phylogenetic networks, and qpAdm / qpGraph (Patterson 2012). Distinguish introgression from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), ancestral structure, ghost-lineage admixture, and rate variation. Use when testing inter-species gene flow, dating admixture events, identifying introgressed segments, building phylogenetic networks for reticulate evolution, or applying the ABBAclustering (Koppetsch-Malinsky-Matschiner 2024) framework for divergent-species gene flow.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Applies ACMG/AMP 2015 framework with ClinGen SVI specifications, Tavtigian 2018/2020 Bayesian point system, Abou Tayoun 2018 PVS1 decision tree, Pejaver 2022 and Bergquist 2025 calibrated PP3/BP4 thresholds for REVEL/BayesDel/AlphaMissense, Brnich 2020 PS3/BS3 OddsPath, Walker 2023 SpliceAI splicing framework, and AMP/ASCO/CAP 2017 tumor tiers. Use when classifying germline variants P / LP / VUS / LB / B, applying VCEP-specific CSpec rules, computing Whiffin BS1, or assigning cancer Tier I-IV per Li 2017.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Reconstructed reference notes on US NRC software assurance guidance for digital computer software in nuclear power plant safety systems, built from seven public-domain sources (Regulatory Guide 1.168 Revision 2, July 2013; Regulatory Guides 1.169, 1.170, 1.171, 1.172, and 1.173 Revision 1, July 2013; NUREG-0800 Branch Technical Position 7-14 Revision 6, August 2016; pinned 2026-10-12). Use for software life cycle process questions, software requirements specifications, software configuration management plans, verification and validation with reviews and audits, test documentation and unit testing, and what NRC staff examine in a BTP 7-14 software review of plans, implementation, and design outputs. SCOPE LIMITS: NRC Regulatory Guides and the BTP 7-14 staff review position only; the endorsed IEEE standards (IEEE Std 603-1991, 7-4.3.2-2003, 828-2005, 829-2008, 830-1998, 1008-1987, 1012-2004, 1028-2008, 1074-2006), IEC 60880, IEC 61513, IEC 62138, and IAEA guides are cited by designation and edition only, with no standard text; RG 1.152 Rev 4, BTP 7-18, BTP 7-19, other SRP Chapter 7 sections, and NUREG/CR contractor reports are outside the pack; reflects the pinned 2013 and 2016 editions, not later agency actions; synthesized reference notes, not legal or licensing advice and not a substitute for the source documents. LICENCE: Public Domain (US Government work, 17 U.S.C. § 105).

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Delimits putative species boundaries from molecular data within the de Queiroz 2007 unified-lineage framework using ASAP (Puillandre 2021 successor to ABGD), mPTP C++ (Kapli 2017 successor to bPTP; bPTP is Python NOT R), GMYC single/multi-threshold (Pons 2006; Fujisawa 2013), multilocus BPP v4 with prior calibration from data (NOT defaults; Yang 2015), SNAPP + BFD* for SNP delimitation, DELINEATE (Sukumaran 2021) speciation-process modeling to address Sukumaran & Knowles 2017 PNAS critique that MSC delimits structure not species, integrative-taxonomy congruence (Padial 2010; Carstens 2013), Dsuite for introgression testing before sister claims (Malinsky 2021), and Meyer & Paulay 2005 barcoding-gap-absence caveat. Use when delineating species from DNA barcoding data, resolving cryptic complexes, choosing among ASAP/mPTP/BPP/DELINEATE, calibrating BPP priors, distinguishing introgression from ILS, or applying the Sukumaran-Knowles oversplitting correction.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Delimits putative species boundaries from molecular data within the de Queiroz 2007 unified-lineage framework using ASAP (Puillandre 2021 successor to ABGD), mPTP C++ (Kapli 2017 successor to bPTP; bPTP is Python NOT R), GMYC single/multi-threshold (Pons 2006; Fujisawa 2013), multilocus BPP v4 with prior calibration from data (NOT defaults; Yang 2015), SNAPP + BFD* for SNP delimitation, DELINEATE (Sukumaran 2021) speciation-process modeling to address Sukumaran & Knowles 2017 PNAS critique that MSC delimits structure not species, integrative-taxonomy congruence (Padial 2010; Carstens 2013), Dsuite for introgression testing before sister claims (Malinsky 2021), and Meyer & Paulay 2005 barcoding-gap-absence caveat. Use when delineating species from DNA barcoding data, resolving cryptic complexes, choosing among ASAP/mPTP/BPP/DELINEATE, calibrating BPP priors, distinguishing introgression from ILS, or applying the Sukumaran-Knowles oversplitting correction.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Prepare internal audit materials for ISO/IEC 42001:2023, the AI management system standard. Identify gaps, link AI risks to controls, and build a 12-month audit plan with coverage priorities and auditor independence checks.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Prioritizing gaps before certification
• Linking AI risks to Annex A controls
• Planning a year of internal audits

Applies ACMG/AMP 2015 framework with ClinGen SVI specifications, Tavtigian 2018/2020 Bayesian point system, Abou Tayoun 2018 PVS1 decision tree, Pejaver 2022 calibrated PP3/BP4 thresholds for REVEL/BayesDel/AlphaMissense, Brnich 2020 PS3/BS3 OddsPath, Walker 2023 SpliceAI splicing framework, and AMP/ASCO/CAP 2017 tumor tiers. Use when classifying germline variants P / LP / VUS / LB / B, applying VCEP-specific CSpec rules, computing Whiffin BS1, or assigning cancer Tier I-IV per Li 2017.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Applies ACMG/AMP 2015 framework with ClinGen SVI specifications, Tavtigian 2018/2020 Bayesian point system, Abou Tayoun 2018 PVS1 decision tree, Pejaver 2022 calibrated PP3/BP4 thresholds for REVEL/BayesDel/AlphaMissense, Brnich 2020 PS3/BS3 OddsPath, Walker 2023 SpliceAI splicing framework, and AMP/ASCO/CAP 2017 tumor tiers. Use when classifying germline variants P / LP / VUS / LB / B, applying VCEP-specific CSpec rules, computing Whiffin BS1, or assigning cancer Tier I-IV per Li 2017.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Applies ACMG/AMP 2015 framework with ClinGen SVI specifications, Tavtigian 2018/2020 Bayesian point system, Abou Tayoun 2018 PVS1 decision tree, Pejaver 2022 calibrated PP3/BP4 thresholds for REVEL/BayesDel/AlphaMissense, Brnich 2020 PS3/BS3 OddsPath, Walker 2023 SpliceAI splicing framework, and AMP/ASCO/CAP 2017 tumor tiers. Use when classifying germline variants P / LP / VUS / LB / B, applying VCEP-specific CSpec rules, computing Whiffin BS1, or assigning cancer Tier I-IV per Li 2017.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Review token contracts and the protocols that accept them for ERC20/ERC721 compliance, privileged controls, and unusual transfer behavior. Produces evidence-based risk assessments and prioritized fixes, with supply and holder analysis when deployed contract details are provided.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

• Checking ERC20/ERC721 implementations against their standards
• Reviewing support for tokens with unusual transfer behavior
• Assessing administrator powers and upgrade risks

EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) compliance advisor — risk classification across all four tiers, all 9 prohibited practices (Art. 5, including the nudification/CSAM prohibition from Dec 2, 2026), all 8 Annex III high-risk use case areas, provider and deployer obligations (Arts. 9–17, 26), GPAI model obligations including the July 2025 Code of Practice (Arts. 51–55), conformity assessment and CE marking (Arts. 43–48), EU AI database registration, Art. 50 transparency (chatbots, synthetic media, AI-generated content), governance (AI Office, AI Board), penalties (Art. 99), confirmed phase-in timeline (Digital Omnibus, Reg. (EU) 2026/1744, in force July 27, 2026: Annex III deferred to Dec 2, 2027; Annex I to Aug 2, 2028), and cross-framework mapping to ISO 42001, NIST AI RMF, and GDPR. Use for any EU AI regulation, AI system classification, or AI compliance question. Current as of August 2026. GPAI enforcement powers active since August 2, 2026.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.

Signpost (not a knowledge pack) for the railway RAMS and signalling assurance standards: EN 50126-1:2017 and EN 50126-2:2017 (both with A1:2024) for the RAMS process, EN 50128:2011 (A1:2020, A2:2020) for software for railway control and protection systems, and EN 50129:2018 and EN 50129:2026 for safety-related electronic systems for signalling, plus the free CSM regulations and ORR guidance that cover the risk-process need. Contains no source content: each row carries only the designation, title, edition, owner, redistributability status, and an official URL. Use when you need to identify, cite, or locate one of these documents. No in-repo pack covers these standards.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 원문 설명을 표시하고 있습니다.