'isotope' 검색 결과

Think and work like an expert Isotope Geochemist. Use when a task calls for Isotope Geochemist judgment. Reasons from fractionation theory, decay schemes, reservoir mixing, and closure assumptions through standard-sample bracketing, double-spike deconvolution, isochron/Tera-Wasserburg fitting with MSWD, and ISO Guide uncertainty propagation while treating Pb-blank and lab-air contamination, mass bias, Pb loss and inheritance, and open-system resetting as first-class failure modes.

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Designs and analyzes stable-isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM / isotope tracing / fluxomics) experiments that measure metabolic ACTIVITY via 13C/15N/2H tracers, distinct from steady-state pool profiling. Covers tracer choice, isotopologue vs isotopomer, mass-isotopomer distributions (MID), fractional enrichment, the mandatory natural-abundance + tracer-purity correction (IsoCor, AccuCor), and the metabolic/isotopic steady-state vs non-stationary (INST-MFA) distinction. Use when feeding a labeled tracer and interpreting labeling patterns, correcting raw isotopologue intensities, computing or plotting an MID, or deciding tracing vs abundance profiling. For absolute pool concentration and MRM mechanics see metabolomics/targeted-analysis; for constraint-based genome-scale flux (FBA, not empirical tracing) see systems-biology/flux-balance-analysis; for feature detection see metabolomics/xcms-preprocessing; for pathway enrichment that ignores the pool-vs-flux caveat see metabolomics/pathway-mapping.

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Estimate intracellular reaction rates from steady-state carbon-13 tracing measurements. Validate carbon atom mappings and measurement inputs, simulate labeling, fit constrained fluxes, and diagnose which pathway rates the data can meaningfully constrain.

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• Estimate metabolic fluxes from carbon-13 labeling
• Validate atom mappings and measurement inputs
• Simulate labeling for proposed reaction rates

Atomic theory, periodic table organization, electron configuration, periodic trends, and isotopes/radioactivity. Covers Dalton through quantum mechanical models, electron shell filling (Aufbau, Hund, Pauli), periodic law and block structure, trend prediction (electronegativity, ionization energy, atomic radius, electron affinity), isotope notation, nuclear stability, and radioactive decay modes. Use when teaching, problem-solving, or reasoning about atomic-level chemistry.

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Systematically interpret mass spectra to determine molecular formula, identify fragmentation pathways, and propose molecular structures. Covers ionization method assessment, molecular ion identification, isotope pattern analysis, common fragmentation losses, and purity evaluation.

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Orchestrates the untargeted LC-MS metabolomics pipeline end-to-end (xcms 4.x feature extraction, QC/drift/normalization, confidence-stratified annotation, permutation-validated statistics, background-aware pathway mapping), naming what each stage decides and where it silently fails. Use when running a full LC-MS metabolomics study from raw mzML to enriched pathways and needing the honest handoffs between stages. Each stage defers to its component skill for parameters and traps; for stable-isotope flux (a separate branch, not this untargeted flow) see metabolomics/isotope-tracing.

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Designs and validates quantitative targeted metabolomics assays (MRM/SRM on triple-quadrupole, PRM on high-resolution instruments) to report absolute concentrations. Covers the internal-standard strategy (external cal -> global IS -> standard addition -> stable-isotope-labeled IS), weighted calibration judged by back-calculated %RE not R-squared, ion-ratio quantifier/qualifier confirmation, matrix-effect/recovery characterization, and ICH M10 method validation. Use when quantifying a closed panel of known metabolites with units, building or validating an LC-MS/MS assay, choosing an IS or calibration weighting, or judging whether a reported concentration is trustworthy. For untargeted feature detection see metabolomics/xcms-preprocessing; for group statistics see metabolomics/statistical-analysis; for flux/MID/tracing see metabolomics/isotope-tracing.

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Standardizes molecular structures using the ChEMBL structure pipeline for normalization and parent selection plus RDKit rdMolStandardize for explicit custom steps such as tautomer canonicalization, salt/solvent stripping, charge handling, stereochemistry handling, mixture selection, and isotope normalization. Explicitly compares ChEMBL, canSARchem, RDKit, and PubChem standardization choices. Use when preparing libraries for QSAR training, joining datasets across sources, deduplicating compound collections, or building canonical compound registries.

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Think and work like an expert Mass Spectrometrist. Use when a task calls for Mass Spectrometrist judgment. Reasons from ion formation, m/z resolution and mass accuracy, fragmentation, and calibrated ion statistics through ESI/APCI/MALDI tuning, CID/HCD/ETD MS/MS, isotope-pattern formula assignment, and spectral libraries (NIST, mzCloud, GNPS) under FDA/ICH M10/MSI tiers, while treating matrix suppression, PEG/siloxane/keratin contamination, decoy-driven FDR inflation, and unassigned adducts as first-class failure modes.

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Think and work like an expert Geochemist. Use when a task calls for Geochemist judgment. Reasons from Gibbs equilibria, mass and isotope balance, and fluid–rock interaction through stable (δ) and radiogenic (ε, isochron) systems, ICP-MS/LA-ICP-MS/TIMS/MC-ICP-MS/IRMS, PHREEQC/Perple_X phase modeling, and EarthChem/GeoReM workflows while treating alteration, matrix effects, Pb loss, mixing arrays, and Fretwell’s Law violations as first-class failure modes.

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Think and work like an expert Cosmochemist. Use when a task calls for Cosmochemist judgment. Reasons from oxygen three-isotope taxonomy (Δ17O), chondrite–achondrite classification, and presolar grain NanoSIMS through Meteoritical Bulletin curation, Al–Mg and Pb–Pb isochrons, CRE vs formation-age separation, and clean-lab sample prep while treating terrestrial weathering, mount contamination, and breccia mixing as first-class failure modes.

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Think and work like an expert Chemical Oceanographer. Use when a task calls for Chemical Oceanographer judgment. Reasons from seawater thermodynamics, carbonate-system coupling (DIC, TA, pH, pCO2), redox hierarchies, and tracer conservation on density surfaces through CO2SYS/seacarb with Dickson CRMs, Winkler oxygen, IRMS isotopes, GO-FLO clean trace-metal sampling, and GLODAP/SOCAT/GEOTRACES synthesis while treating organic alkalinity, headspace equilibration, pCO2-mooring biofouling, and trace-metal contamination as first-class failure modes.

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Standardizes molecular structures using ChEMBL chembl_structure_pipeline and RDKit rdMolStandardize covering sanitization, salt/solvent stripping, neutralization, tautomer canonicalization, stereochemistry standardization, mixture handling, and isotope normalization. Explicitly compares ChEMBL pipeline, canSARchem, and PubChem standardization choices. Use when preparing libraries for QSAR training, joining datasets across sources, deduplicating compound collections, or building canonical compound registries.

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Standardizes molecular structures using ChEMBL chembl_structure_pipeline and RDKit rdMolStandardize covering sanitization, salt/solvent stripping, neutralization, tautomer canonicalization, stereochemistry standardization, mixture handling, and isotope normalization. Explicitly compares ChEMBL pipeline, canSARchem, and PubChem standardization choices. Use when preparing libraries for QSAR training, joining datasets across sources, deduplicating compound collections, or building canonical compound registries.

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Standardizes molecular structures using ChEMBL chembl_structure_pipeline and RDKit rdMolStandardize covering sanitization, salt/solvent stripping, neutralization, tautomer canonicalization, stereochemistry standardization, mixture handling, and isotope normalization. Explicitly compares ChEMBL pipeline, canSARchem, and PubChem standardization choices. Use when preparing libraries for QSAR training, joining datasets across sources, deduplicating compound collections, or building canonical compound registries.

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