Theory Development: Constructs, Relationships, Propositions (amr-theory-development)

When to trigger

• The puzzle and conversation are set; now you must build the theory
• You have propositions but no defined constructs underneath them
• Your relationships are asserted, not derived
• You have not stated boundary conditions or assumptions

The build order

AMR theory is assembled in a disciplined sequence. Skipping a step is the most common reason a draft reads as "assertions, not theory."

1. Define the constructs. For each new or re-specified construct: a precise conceptual definition, its domain (what it includes and, crucially, excludes), scope conditions, and how it differs from neighboring constructs. This is the construct-clarity standard from Suddaby's AMR editorial (2010, DOI 10.5465/amr.2010.0419): definition, scope conditions, semantic relationships, coherence. A construct that overlaps an existing one without distinction will be challenged as a relabel.
2. State the assumptions. What must be true about actors, the setting, and the world for the theory to operate? Make them explicit; hidden assumptions are where reviewers attack.
3. Specify the relationships. Name the form of each link: causal, recursive, moderating, mediating, constitutive. "X relates to Y" is not a relationship — specify direction, shape, and why.
4. Articulate the mechanism. The why. The mechanism is the engine that makes the relationship hold. A proposition without a mechanism is a guess. Whetten's AMR editorial (1989, DOI 10.5465/amr.1989.4308371) is explicit that the Why is what makes theory theory; the What and How without the Why is description. (Develop the mechanism logic with amr-data-analysis.)
5. Write the propositions. Each proposition is a falsifiable theoretical claim that follows from the constructs + mechanism. Number them (P1, P2...). Each must be preceded by the argument that earns it.
6. Set boundary conditions. State when the theory holds and when it does not — the contextual, temporal, and level limits. Boundary conditions are a contribution, not a disclaimer.

Construct definition template

For each construct, fill:

• Label (one term, used consistently throughout)
• Conceptual definition (one or two precise sentences)
• Domain — included instances / excluded instances
• Distinction — how it differs from the nearest existing construct
• Level of theory (individual / dyad / group / organization / field)

Proposition discipline

• A proposition states a relationship between constructs, not an empirical magnitude.
• Every proposition is preceded by its logical argument; the proposition is the summary of an argument already made.
• Propositions build on each other; later ones may depend on earlier constructs.
• Keep them theoretical (P: "the stronger A, the more likely B, because mechanism M"), never operational ("A measured by survey predicts B at p<.05").
• Never write "H1" or "supported / not supported" — that support/rejection vocabulary is AMJ's, not AMR's. Each proposition should be testable in principle (AMR's scope: "testable knowledge-based claims") but you do no testing.

Exemplar

Oliver's "Strategic Responses to Institutional Processes" (AMR 1991, DOI 10.5465/amr.1991.4279002) builds a typology of five responses (acquiescence, compromise, avoidance, defiance, manipulation) and derives propositions linking antecedent conditions (cause, constituents, content, control, context) to them — defined constructs, explicit mechanisms, numbered propositions, stated boundaries, and not a single datum.

Checklist

• Every construct has a definition, a domain, and a distinction from neighbors
• All assumptions are stated explicitly
• Each relationship's form is specified (causal / recursive / moderating / mediating / constitutive)
• Each proposition has an explicit mechanism behind it
• Propositions are numbered and each is earned by a preceding argument
• Boundary conditions specify where the theory holds and fails
• Level(s) of theory are consistent (or level shifts are theorized, not accidental)

Anti-patterns

• Propositions stated as bullet points with no preceding logical argument
• A new construct that is an old construct with a new name
• "X affects Y" with no specified form and no mechanism
• Assumptions left implicit, then exposed by reviewers
• A "process model" figure standing in for the theoretical argument it should summarize
• Boundary conditions written as apologies ("limited to...") rather than as theory
• Smuggling in empirical claims ("data show...") — AMR has no data

Output format

【Constructs】[name: definition / domain / distinction / level] for each
【Assumptions】[explicit list]
【Relationships】[construct → construct : form + mechanism]
【Propositions】P1...Pn (each with one-line mechanism)
【Boundary conditions】where the theory holds / fails
【Next step】amr-methods (refine construction) → amr-data-analysis (logic check)