macOS TCC SIGKILL: Missing Info.plist Usage Description

Problem

A macOS app crashes with EXC_CRASH (SIGKILL) the instant it calls a privacy-protected API. There is no chance to handle the error, no permission prompt, no deny response — just immediate process termination by the OS.

The crash is caused by macOS TCC enforcement: if your app links against or calls an API that accesses a privacy-protected resource and your Info.plist does NOT contain the matching usage-description key, the OS kills the process for privacy violation.

Context / Trigger Conditions

Crash report (~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/<App>-*.ips) has all of these:

• "exception": { "type": "EXC_CRASH", "signal": "SIGKILL" }
• "termination": { "namespace": "TCC", ... }
• Termination details string contains: "This app has crashed because it attempted to access privacy-sensitive data without a usage description"
• The crashed thread stack includes TCC.__TCC_CRASHING_DUE_TO_PRIVACY_VIOLATION__
• Frames below that are usually TCC.__TCCAccessRequest_block_invoke, libxpc.dylib._xpc_connection_reply_callout, dispatch queue machinery

The termination details string tells you exactly which key is missing — read it.

The Info.plist Key Map

Resource	Info.plist key	Entitlement (sandboxed apps)
Camera	NSCameraUsageDescription	com.apple.security.device.camera
Microphone	NSMicrophoneUsageDescription	com.apple.security.device.audio-input
Photos (read/write)	NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription	com.apple.security.personal-information.photos-library
Photos (add-only)	NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription	com.apple.security.photos.library.add-only
Contacts	NSContactsUsageDescription	com.apple.security.personal-information.addressbook
Calendar	NSCalendarsUsageDescription	com.apple.security.personal-information.calendars
Reminders	NSRemindersUsageDescription	com.apple.security.personal-information.reminders
Location	NSLocationUsageDescription (+ WhenInUse / Always variants)	com.apple.security.personal-information.location
Speech recognition	NSSpeechRecognitionUsageDescription	—
Desktop folder	NSDesktopFolderUsageDescription	com.apple.security.files.user-selected.read-only etc.
Documents folder	NSDocumentsFolderUsageDescription	—
Downloads folder	NSDownloadsFolderUsageDescription	com.apple.security.files.downloads.read-write

The Photos trap (critical)

NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription is not a substitute for NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription. They cover different permission scopes:

• Add-only (NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription + com.apple.security.photos.library.add-only): sufficient for APIs that only save an asset, like PHAssetCreationRequest from a file, or Gal.putVideo(path) with no album.
• Full access (NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription): required for any read, any query, any album lookup/creation, and notably for Gal.putVideo(path, album: 'SomeAlbum') — because "put into album X" has to read or create the album, which is a library-level operation.

Symptom of getting this wrong: save-without-album works, save-with-album crashes.

Solution

1. Read the crash report's termination details — it names the exact key.
2. Add the key to your app's Info.plist:
   • Flutter macOS: mobile/macos/Runner/Info.plist
   • Native macOS: <target>/Info.plist or the target's INFOPLIST_FILE build setting
3. If the app is sandboxed (com.apple.security.app-sandbox = true in release), also add the matching entitlement to both Runner/DebugProfile.entitlements and Runner/Release.entitlements.
4. Rebuild. Info.plist changes do not hot-reload in Flutter — a full flutter build macos --debug is required.
5. Relaunch the app.

Example patch

Flutter macOS app crashing on gal.putVideo(path, album: 'MyAlbum'):

<!-- mobile/macos/Runner/Info.plist -->
<key>NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription</key>
<string>MyApp needs access to save videos to your Photos library.</string>
<!-- ADD THIS: -->
<key>NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription</key>
<string>MyApp needs access to your Photos library to organize videos into albums.</string>

Then:

cd mobile
flutter build macos --debug
open build/macos/Build/Products/Debug/MyApp.app

Verification

1. No crash on the action that previously crashed.
2. macOS shows a permission prompt the first time (if status is .notDetermined).
3. Check the new crash reports directory — no new .ips files should appear after the action:

   ls -t ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/<AppName>-*.ips 2>/dev/null | head -3
   

4. Verify the built .app bundle contains the key (Info.plist is copied in during build, but sanity-check):

   grep -A1 NSPhotoLibrary build/macos/Build/Products/Debug/MyApp.app/Contents/Info.plist
   

5. log show --last 2m --predicate 'subsystem == "com.apple.TCC"' should show an authorization grant for the app's bundle ID instead of a crash.

Diagnosing from the crash report

A fast one-liner to extract the key info from a .ips crash report:

python3 -c "
import json, sys
with open(sys.argv[1]) as f:
    f.readline()  # skip header JSON line
    d = json.loads(f.read())
print('Signal:', d.get('exception', {}).get('signal'))
print('Namespace:', d.get('termination', {}).get('namespace'))
print('Details:', d.get('termination', {}).get('details'))
" ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/MyApp-*.ips

If namespace == 'TCC' and details mention "usage description", this skill applies.

Notes

• Why SIGKILL and not a graceful deny? Apple decided privacy violations are a policy failure of the developer, not a runtime condition to handle. The OS terminates the process so there is no way for an app to "try anyway" or log workarounds. There is no API to catch this.
• It applies even to code paths you do not call. If a linked framework or plugin touches a protected resource on your behalf (e.g. a media plugin that probes Photos on init), you need the usage description even if your own code never touches Photos. This is why the key should be added whenever you include a plugin that might access the resource.
• Hot reload will not rescue you. Flutter hot reload and hot restart do not update Info.plist in the running bundle. You must fully rebuild.
• iOS vs macOS: The same keys exist on iOS, but on iOS a missing key usually results in a silent deny rather than SIGKILL on older iOS versions. Recent iOS versions align with macOS and will crash. Either way, always set the key.
• The "Add" vs full Photos distinction was tightened in macOS 14/15/26. Earlier macOS versions let you do some album operations with add-only; recent releases do not. If an app that worked on older macOS starts crashing after a macOS upgrade, check for this first.
• Related but different: flutter-macos-tcc-responsible-process-camera-denial covers TCC denying camera access when the responsible process attribution is wrong (no crash, just silent denial). That is a different TCC failure mode than the SIGKILL covered here.

References

• Apple: Requesting access to protected resources
• Apple: NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription
• Apple: NSPhotoLibraryAddUsageDescription
• Apple Developer Forums search: "TCC privacy violation SIGKILL Info.plist"
• log show --predicate 'subsystem == "com.apple.TCC"' for live TCC decisions.