Evidence-Driven Testing

Record proof of behavior and deliver it to the requested destination.

Choose evidence proportional to the change. Use the recorder for interactive flows, scripted captures for headless UI checks, and output pairs for CLI or API changes. Documentation-only edits need content checks and verification of runnable examples, not a recording. Reuse suitable evidence already captured in the task. Publish only to destinations included in the requested work.

The recording is the capture of you testing the app via computer use: start the recorder, then drive the app yourself — click, type, navigate — through each test target. Every action in the video is the test being performed live; the recording has no value as evidence unless it shows that interactive session. If the harness has no computer-use tools but a GUI exists, drive the app with cua-driver instead (see below) — it is still your live session.

The bundled recorder, scripts/evidence.py, captures the display with FFmpeg on Linux, macOS, and Windows, timestamps each annotation you add while testing, burns them into the video on stop, and verifies the result with ffprobe. It writes evidence.mp4, report.md, and manifest.json into the session folder.

Inputs

• Test targets (required): The behaviors/flows to verify, phrased as testable statements.
• PR / issue (optional): Where to post the evidence. If omitted, deliver to the requester only.

The recorder

EVIDENCE below means the path to scripts/evidence.py inside this skill's folder (wherever the skill is installed, e.g. ~/.claude/skills/evidence-driven-testing/scripts/evidence.py). It needs only Python 3 and FFmpeg.

• Check first: python3 $EVIDENCE doctor — verifies ffmpeg, ffprobe, libx264, and the ass filter (ready), then which screen-capture source works on this machine (capture_ready and the source auto will pick). Exits non-zero only when the toolchain is missing; read capture_ready before recording.

• Platforms (--source auto picks the first available):

  OS	Source	Needs
  Linux X11 / XWayland	x11 (x11grab)	DISPLAY set
  Linux Wayland	wayland (wf-recorder)	WAYLAND_DISPLAY set, wf-recorder on PATH, and a compositor confirmed to support wlr-screencopy — either a known wlroots one (Sway, Hyprland, river, Wayfire, labwc, dwl, niri) or verified via wayland-info. GNOME and KDE Wayland are not capturable this way; doctor says so. Use x11 through XWayland for X11 apps, or a fallback recorder. --source wayland still forces it
  macOS	avfoundation	Screen Recording permission granted to the terminal / agent host app; doctor lists screen indexes for --screen-index
  Windows	gdigrab	any standard ffmpeg build; powershell for process checks

  Capture is the full screen by default; --geometry WxH and --offset X,Y crop a region on x11, wayland, and gdigrab. XWayland only sees X11 windows, so prefer the wayland source when the app under test is Wayland-native.

• Crash-safe raw capture: the raw recording is MPEG-TS (raw.ts), so if the recorder is killed hard or crashes, what was captured still probes and renders. stop remuxes or re-encodes it into a standard evidence.mp4.

• How stopping works: on Linux the recorder is signalled through a pidfd. On macOS and Windows, and on Linux when the kernel or a seccomp policy refuses pidfds, start launches a small supervisor process that owns the ffmpeg child, and stop asks it (via stop.request in the session folder) to interrupt, then terminate, then kill; it writes recorder-exit.json when done. Nothing ever signals a bare PID, so a recycled PID can't be hit. If the supervisor dies while the recorder is still running, stop refuses and tells you which PID to stop by hand. If it died before it could even record which process it started, stop stays blocked until you have checked for a stray recorder yourself and rerun it with --accept-untracked-recorder; the report then carries that caveat.

• Fallback recorders when doctor reports no capture source (for example Wayland without wf-recorder): cua-driver recording start <dir> / stop (see the cua-driver section), or the OS recorder (macOS: screencapture -v out.mov). On these paths there is no annotation overlay, so keep the annotation protocol as files — an assertions.md listing each setup / test_start / assertion with its result and the approximate video timestamp, exactly as in the headless path.

• Never present --source test (the synthetic pattern generator) as UI evidence. It exists to smoke-test the toolchain; the repo's tests/test_evidence.py exercises it.

Instructions

1. Prepare the screen

• Maximize the browser/app window; close popups, notifications, and extra panels.
• Navigate to the starting state (logged in, correct page) BEFORE recording, unless setup itself is under test.
• Note the exact revision under test: git rev-parse HEAD and git branch --show-current (or the deployment URL) — the recorder stamps them into the report.

2. Start recording

• Begin the screen recording before the first meaningful action:

  python3 $EVIDENCE start \
    --output .artifacts/<task-name> \
    --title "<what is being verified>" \
    --commit "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" --branch "$(git branch --show-current)" \
    --environment "<OS / browser / display / deployment>"
  

  It prints JSON with a session path and the chosen source; keep the path (SESSION=...) for every later command. The source is auto-detected and the whole screen is captured; pass --source, --geometry, --offset, --display/--xauthority (X11), --screen-index (macOS), or --output-name (Wayland) only when doctor or the situation calls for it.

• Add a setup annotation describing the starting context:

  python3 $EVIDENCE annotate "$SESSION" --type setup \
    --message "Logged in, navigating to connectors page"
  

3. Test via computer use, annotating as you go

• Perform every interaction through computer use on the live app — the recording captures your session, so the testing and the evidence are the same act. Work at a watchable pace: let the UI settle after each action so state changes are visible on video.

• At each named test's start, add a test_start annotation in Jest style:

  python3 $EVIDENCE annotate "$SESSION" --type test_start \
    --message "It should execute the tool directly when permission is 'always'"
  

• After each check, add an assertion annotation with --result passed, failed, or untested:

  python3 $EVIDENCE annotate "$SESSION" --type assertion --result passed \
    --message "Tool ran without a permission prompt"
  

• Rules for assertions:

  • One assertion per meaningful state change — consolidate, don't annotate per UI label.
  • Use "Precondition: ..." assertions to establish starting state.
  • Keep under 80 characters, high-signal (the recorder rejects longer messages).
  • If a test cannot run (missing prerequisite, expired auth window), mark it untested with the reason — never skip silently.
  • The timestamp records when you asserted, not whether it was true — look at the screen before choosing passed.

4. Stop and review

• Stop recording after the final assertion:

  python3 $EVIDENCE stop "$SESSION"
  

  This stops the capture (gracefully, so the recorder flushes; escalating only if it ignores the request), burns the annotations into evidence.mp4, probes the result, and writes report.md and manifest.json next to it. It prints "verified": true on success; if rendering fails the session is marked finalization_failed — fix the reported cause and run stop again (a retry does not signal the recorder twice). If the recorder process can no longer be signalled safely (it died, or its PID now belongs to another process), the session is marked recorder_lost. Running stop again finalizes whatever video was captured, but only once that recorder process is confirmed gone — if it is still alive, stop it first, or the video would be rendered while still being written.

• Confirm the recording captured the key moments before sharing: extract a frame at each assertion timestamp (ffmpeg -ss <t> -i evidence.mp4 -frames:v 1 frame.png) and check the state and the label are visible.

• Fill in the Caveats section of report.md; never leave the placeholder.

5. Post the evidence

• report.md is the report: what was tested, environment + exact commit, pass/fail per test, caveats. Extend it rather than rewriting from scratch.
• Post the video + summary as a PR comment (embed in the PR description if it's your PR). gh pr comment cannot attach a local video — upload evidence.mp4 through the PR's comment box in an authenticated browser, or upload it to a host and link it (for example the before-and-after upload adapters). Reopen the comment and confirm the video plays before claiming it is posted.
• If the task includes a tracker issue and posting there is authorized, attach the same video with a one-line result.
• Send the report + recording to the requester.

Guardrails

• The video must show the actual test session being driven live. Never present scripted playback, stitched clips, or synthetic footage as a recording; if the harness lacks computer-use tools but a GUI exists, drive via cua-driver; with no GUI at all, use the headless path instead.
• Never record a half-covered or tiled window — maximize first.
• Never record a screen showing secrets, tokens, customer data, or payment details; if a flow requires them, mark it untested and say why.
• When verifying a fix, show or reference the old failure alongside the new success.
• Always state the exact commit/branch/deployment tested against.

No computer-use tools? Drive with cua-driver (GUI available)

When a display exists but the agent has no built-in computer-use capability, use cua-driver (macOS / Windows / Linux) as the actuator. It is still you testing the app live — the recording rule holds unchanged; only the input mechanism differs.

• Verify the setup with cua-driver doctor before recording. If a cua-driver skill is installed, read it and follow its protocol — the snapshot-before-action invariant is mandatory.
• Loop per interaction: launch_app → get_window_state (accessibility tree
  • screenshot) → act via element_token (click, type_text, press_key) → verify_state for the expected postcondition. Each verify_state check maps 1:1 onto an assertion annotation.
• Wherever doctor reports capture_ready: yes, keep using the bundled recorder above for the video and the annotations; cua-driver only supplies the input.
• Otherwise, cua-driver recording start <output-dir> / cua-driver recording stop is the recorder (the output directory is required, and the daemon must be running: cua-driver serve). Video capture is on by default and is finalized to <output-dir>/recording.mp4 on stop — but on Windows/Linux it shells out to ffmpeg, so a missing ffmpeg or display yields only the per-turn trajectory folders (before/after screenshots, action.json, click.png), no video. After stopping, verify recording.mp4 exists before citing it; if it is absent, fix the recorder or present the per-turn before/after screenshots as numbered captures per the headless protocol.
• If no annotation overlay is available on this path, keep the protocol as files: an assertions.md listing each test_start / assertion with its result, exactly as in the headless path.

Headless path (no GUI available)

When the agent has no desktop to record, keep the same assertion discipline; swap the recorder for scripted capture:

• Save everything to .artifacts/<task-name>/ (gitignore it — evidence gets uploaded, never committed). Keep the capture script beside the captures so the run is repeatable.

• Screenshots: the before-and-after CLI (@vercel/before-and-after) captures URLs or elements and its pairs feed PR embeds directly. In containers/VMs where Chrome fails with "No usable sandbox", set AGENT_BROWSER_ARGS="--no-sandbox".

• Video / multi-step flows: a one-off Playwright script, run without adding playwright to the project's dependencies:

  bash /path/to/evidence-driven-testing/scripts/run-playwright.sh record.mjs
  

  The helper installs the pinned Playwright version from its bundled manifest and lockfile with npm ci in a temporary directory, copies the script beside that installation, installs Chromium if needed, and removes the temporary directory on exit. It preserves the caller's working directory, so relative artifact paths still point into your project. Node 20+ and npm are required; the browser cache remains available for later runs. Keep the script self-contained: relative imports and adjacent data files are not copied. Use the project's existing Playwright setup for scripts with local imports. When upgrading capture tooling, update scripts/playwright/package.json, regenerate its lockfile with npm, and rerun the capture checks.

  npx --package=playwright adds executables to PATH; it does not make the package importable from an arbitrary ESM script. Minimal record.mjs:

  import { chromium } from "playwright";
  const browser = await chromium.launch();
  try {
    const context = await browser.newContext({
      recordVideo: { dir: ".artifacts/<task-name>/" },
    });
    try {
      const page = await context.newPage();
      await page.goto("http://localhost:3000/path-under-test");
      // Drive the flow and check each expected state here.
    } finally {
      await context.close(); // Finalizes the video even if an assertion fails.
    }
  } finally {
    await browser.close();
  }
  

  Trim or compress with ffmpeg if the file is large.

• The annotation protocol becomes files: number captures in test order with the assertion in the name — 01-precondition-signed-in.png, 02-it-saves-on-blur-passed.png — and keep an assertions.md in the artifacts folder listing each test_start / assertion with its result (passed / failed / untested + reason).

Non-UI changes still need evidence

• API / performance: a scripted probe with measured numbers — request counts per phase, latency before/after — captured to probe-output.txt.
• Rendering / canvas / shader: rendered frames plus pixel assertions (diff values), reviewed by eye and saved as PNGs.
• Agent behavior: the relevant transcript excerpt showing the tool call and response.
• Bug fixes: reproduce and capture the failure before writing the fix — that capture is the "before" half of a before/after pair.

Capture hygiene

• Confirm the server you're probing is running your code (right port, right process), especially when multiple agents share a machine: lsof -i :<port> — or where lsof isn't installed, ss -ltnp "sport = :<port>" to find the listener's PID, then ps -p <pid> -o args= to confirm it's yours.
• Evidence complements the repo's checks (typecheck/build/tests); it never replaces them.
• Hand before/after media pairs to a before/after tool for the PR embed (e.g. before-and-after before.png after.png --markdown).