Work Instruction (作业指导书 / SOP)

On a Chinese production line the 作业指导书 (often called SOP or WI) hangs at the station and is what a new operator follows on day one. Many are copied from engineering documents: dense text, no pictures, steps that skip the critical point, and an outdated version. This skill writes one station's instruction so a new operator can do the job correctly and knows why the key points matter.

Write in Simplified Chinese unless asked otherwise. This is for a single shop-floor operation in manufacturing; for an office or business process SOP, use sop-writer instead. The instruction must agree with the plant's control plan, PFMEA and customer requirements, and safety content follows the plant's risk assessment (需核实); a qualified engineer approves it before release.

Required Inputs

Ask for these if not provided, otherwise infer and label the assumption:

• Station: product and part number, process step, line, equipment, fixtures and tools
• How the job is done today: the steps in order, ideally from watching an experienced operator
• Quality requirements: characteristics checked here, specifications, gauges, sampling, from the control plan
• Safety: hazards, PPE, lockout or guards
• Cycle time and takt, if known
• Plant format: the document template and numbering rule, approval roles
• Readers: new operators, literacy level, whether pictures carry most of the instruction

Output Structure

1. 表头

| 文件编号 | 版本 | 生效日期 | 产品/料号 | 工序 | 工位 | 标准工时 | 编制 | 审核 | 批准 |

2. 物料与工装

| 名称 | 规格/料号 | 数量 | 位置 | Materials, tools, fixtures, gauges and consumables, with where they are kept at the station.

3. 作业步骤

| 步骤 | 作业内容 | 要点 | 要点理由 | 图示 |

• 作业内容: one action per step, starting with a verb (取, 放, 对准, 拧紧, 目检)
• 要点: the critical detail (torque, direction, sequence, position)
• 要点理由: why it matters (prevents a leak, an injury, a mix-up), so operators understand rather than memorise
• 图示: a placeholder describing the photo or diagram to take (for example 照片：正确方向，箭头朝上) and marking right and wrong

4. 质量检查

| 检查项目 | 标准 | 方法/量具 | 频次 | 不合格处理 | Matching the control plan; what to do with a bad part (red bin, label, tell the team leader).

5. 安全注意事项

PPE, hazards at this station, what never to do (reach into a running machine), and the emergency stop location.

6. 异常处理

What counts as abnormal (equipment alarm, material mismatch, a defect repeats) and the response: stop, mark, call the team leader, record. A short "停, 呼, 等" rule.

7. 修订记录

| 版本 | 日期 | 修改内容 | 修改人 |

Quality Checks

• Each step is one action with a verb, in operation order
• Key points have reasons
• Quality checks match the control plan, with reaction to a defect
• Safety and PPE are specific to this station
• Every step has a photo or diagram placeholder, with right and wrong shown where it helps
• Header, version and revision record are complete; approval by an engineer is noted

Anti-Patterns

• Dense paragraphs. Operators read the station sheet in seconds; use short steps and pictures.
• Key points without reasons. People skip what they do not understand.
• Copying the engineering spec. Write what the hands do, in order.
• Out-of-date versions at the station. Version control and removing old copies are part of the job.
• No abnormal-situation rule. Operators improvise, and defects pass.

Example Trigger Phrases

• "帮我写一份电机装配线拧螺丝工位的作业指导书。"
• "新员工老是装反，作业指导书怎么写才看得懂？"
• "我们的 SOP 全是文字，帮我改成带图示占位的格式。"
• "注塑机换模的作业指导书。"
• "Write a shop-floor work instruction in Chinese for a soldering station."