Assess Bluetooth Classic devices such as older car kits, industrial sensors, and audio accessories. The skill guides device discovery, service inspection, authentication checks, and known vulnerability assessment, helping document exposed functions and device-specific findings.
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Bluetooth Classic (BR/EDR) attack methodology — device discovery, service enumeration via SDP, LMP/L2CAP layer attacks, legacy PIN cracking (BlueBorne / KNOB), Bluetooth file-transfer abuse (BlueSnarfing legacy), unauthenticated profile abuse (HSP, HFP, OPP), and modern relevance against older industrial / automotive / accessory targets. Use when in-scope devices use Bluetooth Classic (Bluetooth ≤ 4.0 BR/EDR) — common in legacy car kits, industrial sensors, older medical devices, and audio accessories.
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Older than BLE, less commonly attacked today, but still present in cars, industrial sensors, audio gear, and legacy enterprise hardware. Many of the well-known historic attacks (BlueSnarf, BlueBug) are mitigated; KNOB and the BlueBorne family remain relevant against unpatched devices.
hcitool / bluetoothctl / redfang# Modern adapter (built-in or USB Bluetooth 4.0+)
sudo hciconfig hci0 up
sudo hcitool inq # inquiry
sudo hcitool scan --length=12 # 12-second scan
# bluetoothctl interactive
bluetoothctl
> scan on
> devices
# Discoverable-mode-only devices appear; non-discoverable need address brute
sudo redfang -r 00:00:00:00:00:00-FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
# (very slow — ~7 hours per OUI prefix)
# List all services on a device
sdptool browse AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
sdptool records AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
Common profiles and their attack relevance:
| Profile | UUID | Attack |
|---|---|---|
| OBEX Object Push (OPP) | 0x1105 | BlueSnarf/BlueBug on legacy phones (mostly extinct) |
| OBEX File Transfer (FTP) | 0x1106 | Browse / write filesystem on legacy devices |
| Headset (HSP/HFP) | 0x1108 / 0x111E | Eavesdrop active call audio |
| Serial Port Profile (SPP) | 0x1101 | Industrial/IoT debug ports — often unauthenticated |
| HID | 0x1124 | Keyboard/mouse impersonation |
| Audio Sink/Source (A2DP) | 0x110B / 0x110A | Audio injection/eavesdrop |
The Serial Port Profile (SPP) tunnels arbitrary data over Bluetooth as a virtual COM port. Industrial / IoT devices use it for debug or telemetry, often without authentication.
# Connect to SPP service, channel typically 1
sudo rfcomm bind /dev/rfcomm0 AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF 1
sudo screen /dev/rfcomm0 9600
# Then interact with the device's CLI / debug menu
Forces Bluetooth pairing to negotiate a 1-byte encryption key — making the link key trivially brute-forceable.
# Test with internalblue (requires Broadcom firmware patch)
git clone https://github.com/seemoo-lab/internalblue
internalblue
> log keys
# Patch firmware to allow 1-byte key; pair with target; observe weak key
Patched in firmware on most modern devices. Still works against:
A family of buffer overflows / info leaks in major Bluetooth stacks (Linux BlueZ, Android, Windows, iOS). Mostly patched 2017–2018, but unpatched embedded Linux devices are common.
# Armis blueborne-scanner — checks for patch-level
git clone https://github.com/ArmisSecurity/blueborne
python blueborne_scanner.py AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF
If pairing succeeds via Just Works or weak PIN, you can register as a HID device — keystroke injection on an unattended Bluetooth-paired host.
# bdaddr + HID example — register custom HID on rfcomm
hcitool dev
hciconfig hci0 class 0x000540 # HID device class
sdptool add HID
# Use a HID descriptor crafted as keyboard, send keystrokes
If a target has Bluetooth headset paired and active, and you can re-pair (PIN brute or KNOB):
# 1. Discover
sudo hcitool inq
# 2. Enumerate services per device
sdptool browse <MAC>
# 3. SPP (industrial/IoT) — connect and explore
sudo rfcomm bind /dev/rfcomm0 <MAC> 1
sudo screen /dev/rfcomm0 9600
# 4. Patch-level scan
python blueborne_scanner.py <MAC>
# 5. KNOB testing (with adapter that supports internalblue)
internalblue → log keys → re-pair target
# 6. Document profiles, auth state, exposed commands per device
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Assess Active Directory security by mapping accounts, permissions, and paths to administrative access. The skill covers credential misuse, certificate service misconfigurations, movement between systems, and hybrid identity environments involving Entra ID.
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Organize red team exercises that simulate adversaries to assess an organization's detection and response. Covers engagement rules, infrastructure, operational controls, evidence handling, and reports that help security teams review gaps and prioritize improvements.
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Review how evidence can be altered during authorized security exercises on Windows and Linux. Covers logs, timestamps, memory, disk records, and network traces, alongside the signs defenders use to detect manipulation.
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Assess API business workflows for flaws that automated scanners can miss. The skill examines skipped steps, simultaneous transactions, authentication tokens, GraphQL, and webhooks, helping testers document weaknesses and their financial or operational impact during authorized assessments.
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Test REST, gRPC, and WebSocket APIs for weaknesses in authentication, access controls, input handling, and configuration. Provides protocol-specific checks, tool guidance, and detection indicators to help document reproducible findings and severity during authorized assessments.
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Assess Bluetooth Low Energy devices by inspecting exposed data and commands, pairing methods, captured traffic, and companion apps. The skill provides a testing workflow for identifying authentication gaps and weaknesses in device communication.
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