Check text, input borders, meaningful icons, and other interface elements for sufficient color contrast. Guide color adjustments against WCAG accessibility thresholds and verify readability across default, hover, focus, active, and visited states.
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Use when applies to all visible text and text images, UI component borders (input fields, buttons), focus indicators, icons that convey meaning, and graphical objects required to understand content. Does not apply to inactive/disabled UI components or purely decorative elements.
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Approximately 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women have some form of color vision deficiency. Low contrast text is also difficult for users with low vision, aging eyesight, or those reading in bright sunlight. Insufficient contrast is one of the most common WCAG failures and directly prevents users from reading content they need.
Evaluate the contrast ratio between text color and its background for all text on the page. Use the WCAG relative luminance formula: for normal text (< 18pt or < 14pt bold), the ratio must be ≥ 4.5:1; for large text (≥ 18pt or ≥ 14pt bold), the ratio must be ≥ 3:1. Also check non-text UI components (input borders, button outlines, icons) for ≥ 3:1 ratio against adjacent colors per WCAG 2.1 SC 1.4.11. Check all interactive states: default, hover, focus, active, and visited.
Darken the foreground color or lighten/darken the background color until the ratio meets the minimum. For normal text failing 4.5:1: increase text darkness or background lightness. For large text failing 3:1: apply same approach with a lower threshold. Use a contrast checker tool (WebAIM, browser DevTools accessibility panel) to verify the exact ratio. Do not use opacity to lighten text — compute the effective blended color and check that ratio instead.
WCAG 2.1 SC 1.4.3 (Contrast Minimum, Level AA) requires a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text (≥ 18pt regular or ≥ 14pt bold). Contrast ratio is calculated from the relative luminance of the foreground and background colors using the formula (L1 + 0.05) / (L2 + 0.05), where L1 is the lighter and L2 is the darker color. A ratio of 1:1 means no contrast (same color); 21:1 is maximum (black on white). Users with low vision, cataracts, or color blindness rely on high contrast to distinguish text from its background.
Review the rendered markup and interactive states that affect Meet minimum color contrast ratios. Flag exact elements, roles, labels, focus behavior, or keyboard interactions that violate the rule, and note how to verify the fix with browser accessibility tooling or assistive tech.
For full implementation details, code examples, and framework-specific guidance,
see references/rule.md.
Rule page: https://frontendchecklist.io/rules/accessibility/color-contrast
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Create and review custom 404 pages that help visitors recover from broken or moved links through search and navigation. Check the rendered page and HTTP response so missing content returns a proper 404 status.
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Audit or create a dedicated About page that explains a website’s purpose and identifies its people or organization. Review the rendered output and supporting information, including expertise and contact details, to find gaps.
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Review and add automated accessibility checks for components, pages, and continuous integration workflows. Use axe-based tools to detect structural and attribute issues, while identifying checks that still need keyboard or screen reader testing.
한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.
Review sign-in, registration, multi-factor authentication, and account recovery for accessibility barriers. Find blocked paste, difficult code entry, and inaccessible backup methods, then suggest authentication paths that support password managers, autofill, or device approval.
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Review form errors, success messages, and live updates so screen reader users receive important notifications. Check the HTML delivered to the browser, announcement settings, display duration, and dismissal controls, then identify specific elements that need changes.
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Review HTML tables so screen reader users can understand how headers and data relate. Check header markup, table descriptions, and merged cells, then identify specific fixes and ways to verify them.
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