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portfolio-review

Reviews stock holdings and cash allocation, checking each investment’s rationale alongside concentration, shared risks, and adverse scenarios. Produces a portfolio report with suggested allocation changes, cash levels, and priorities for the next review.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

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AI Berkshire skill: 组合管理:从"研究公司"到"管理组合". Source: skills/portfolio-review.md.

실행 점수 미검증

설치 방법 보기

이럴 때 유용합니다

  • Reviewing a portfolio each quarter
  • Checking hidden concentration risks
  • Comparing reasons to keep existing holdings
  • Reconsidering stock and cash allocations

포함된 파일(1)

  • SKILL.md8.4 KB

SKILL.md(원문)

설치하기 전에 에이전트에게 전달되는 지시 내용을 확인할 수 있습니다.

Codex adapter note

This skill is generated from skills/portfolio-review.md so Claude Code and Codex users share one canonical workflow.

  • Treat $ARGUMENTS as the user's request in the current Codex thread.
  • When the source mentions Claude-only surfaces such as Task, Agent, WebSearch, Bash, Read, or Write, use the closest Codex capability available in this session: subagents when available, web search when needed, shell commands for local tools, and normal file edits for workspace files.
  • Use shared project tools from tools/ in this repository. Prefer running commands from the repository root with paths like python3 tools/financial_rigor.py ...; if the current thread starts outside the repo, locate the actual checkout path first instead of assuming a fixed home-directory path.
  • Before starting research, run the date command to confirm today's date; treat it as the baseline for "latest" data and state the data cutoff date in the report header. Never assume the current date from training data.
  • Preserve the research quality rules from AGENTS.md: cross-check financial data, use exact arithmetic tools for valuation/math, and clearly label uncertainty and source gaps.

组合管理:从"研究公司"到"管理组合"

对 $ARGUMENTS 执行投资组合审视与优化。

支持输入格式:

  • 持仓清单,例如:腾讯30%, 美团20%, 茅台20%, 英伟达15%, 现金15%
  • 或:腾讯 500股 @480港元, 美团 1000股 @130港元, ...
  • 或:我的持仓(如果已有保存的组合文件 reports/portfolio-latest.md)

"分散投资是对无知的保护。如果你知道自己在做什么,分散投资就没有意义。" —— 巴菲特

"我这辈子见过的真正好的投资机会,十个手指就数得完。" —— 李录

设计理念

研究公司只是投资的一半。另一半是组合层面的决策:

  • 买多少?(仓位)
  • 用什么钱买?(资金来源——新钱还是换仓)
  • 和已有持仓是否冲突?(相关性)
  • 最优组合长什么样?(机会成本)

巴菲特从不孤立地看一只股票——他总是在想"这是不是我能做的最好的事?"

执行流程

第一步:解析持仓

从输入中解析出当前持仓,标准化为以下格式:

标的代码持仓量成本价现价市值占比盈亏

如果输入只有比例没有金额,按比例分析即可。

同时检查是否存在已有的组合文件(reports/portfolio-latest.md),如有则读取并更新。

第二步:获取最新数据

使用 Task 工具启动后台 Agent,通过 WebSearch 为每个持仓并行获取:

  1. 当前股价和估值指标(PE、PB、股息率)
  2. 最近一个季度的关键财务变化
  3. 近期重大事件
  4. 分析师一致预期(前瞻PE、目标价)

对每个持仓使用 tools/financial_rigor.py verify-valuation 校验估值数据。对每只持仓标注信息丰富度(A/B/C级),C级持仓的分析结论标注低置信度。

第三步:单仓位体检

对每个持仓进行快速健康检查:

标的当前PE买入逻辑是否变化论文健康度仓位建议
腾讯18x未变化8/10合理
美团25x竞争加剧6/10偏高,考虑减仓

对每个持仓回答:

  • 如果今天没有持仓,你还会在当前价格买入吗?
  • 如果明天不能交易,持有5年你舒服吗?
  • 买入论文还完整吗?

段永平:"如果你不想持有一只股票10年,那就一天也不要持有。"

第四步:组合层面分析

4.1 集中度分析

指标当前值建议范围判断
第一大持仓占比<40%
前三大持仓占比50-80%
总持仓数量5-15只
现金占比10-30%(视市场环境)

李录的标准:3-5只核心持仓,前3占80%+。但这要求每一只都研究透彻。

巴菲特的标准:核心持仓不超过10只,但允许更多卫星仓位。

4.2 相关性检查

识别持仓之间的隐性关联:

持仓A持仓B相关类型风险
腾讯快手同属中国互联网监管风险共振
英伟达台积电AI供应链上下游AI Capex同向波动
美团拼多多同属中国消费宏观消费同向波动

检查清单:

  • 是否有超过50%的仓位暴露在同一个主题/行业?
  • 是否有超过50%的仓位暴露在同一个国家/货币?
  • 如果中美关系恶化,组合会亏多少?
  • 如果全球经济衰退,组合会亏多少?

4.3 机会成本分析

这是巴菲特最核心的思维方式——每一块钱都应该放在回报最高的地方。

将所有持仓按"预期年化回报"排序:

排名标的当前占比预期年化回报确定性预期回报×确定性
1
2
...

预期回报估算方法(使用 tools/financial_rigor.py three-scenario 计算):

  • 简化公式:预期年化 ≈ FCF Yield + 预期增速(主要方法)
  • 价值型验证:安全边际回归 + 利润增速 + 股息率
  • 成长型验证:利润增速 × 合理PE的变化

关键问题:排名最后的持仓,预期回报是否高于现金(无风险利率~4%)?如果不是,应该卖出换成现金。

4.4 压力测试

情景假设组合预计影响最大回撤
全球衰退企业盈利下降20-30%
中美冲突升级中概股折价50%
利率飙升10年期国债→6%
科技泡沫破裂科技股PE压缩40%

对每个情景做定性+粗估评估(基于各持仓的行业属性和历史估值波动范围):

  • 哪些持仓受冲击最大?大致影响方向和量级范围
  • 组合整体是否能承受?
  • 是否需要对冲?

第五步:优化建议

5.1 调仓建议

基于以上分析,给出具体的调仓建议:

动作标的当前占比建议占比理由
加仓
减仓
清仓
新建仓
不动

5.2 寻找替代标的

如果组合中有"不如现金"的仓位,或者现金占比过高,建议使用 /industry-research 或 /investment-checklist 对感兴趣的行业/公司进行系统筛选,而非在本Skill内直接推荐个股。

5.3 现金管理

当前现金占比建议现金占比理由

巴菲特:目前持有$3,820亿现金,占比超过总资产的25%——当找不到好机会时,现金是最好的仓位。

第六步:输出组合报告

报告结构

一、组合概览(持仓表格+饼图描述)
二、单仓位体检(每个持仓的健康状态)
三、组合分析
   - 集中度:是否过度分散/集中?
   - 相关性:隐性关联和风险共振
   - 机会成本:排名最低的仓位是否值得持有?
   - 压力测试:极端情景下的回撤预估
四、调仓建议(具体操作+理由)
五、下次审视时间和关注重点

结论必须明确回答

  1. 组合整体健康度:优秀 / 良好 / 需要调整 / 问题严重
  2. 最应该做的一件事是什么?(加仓X / 减仓Y / 不动)
  3. 当前最大风险是什么?

第七步:保存组合文件

将组合信息写入 reports/portfolio-latest.md,包含:

  • 最新持仓表
  • 本次审视日期和结论
  • 调仓记录(追加)
  • 下次审视提醒

关键原则

  • 每一块钱都有机会成本 — 持有一只平庸的股票,成本是错过了一只优秀的
  • 集中不是风险,无知才是 — 持有3只你深度理解的股票,比持有30只你一知半解的安全
  • 现金是一种仓位 — 找不到好机会时,持有现金不丢人
  • 组合层面 > 个股层面 — 一只好股票在错误的仓位上也会拖累你
  • 定期审视,但不要过度交易 — 每季度审视一次足够,不要每天盯盘调仓

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