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thesis-tracker

Record why a stock was purchased, turn that reasoning into testable assumptions, and define conditions for reassessment. Check new earnings and major events against those assumptions, update valuations, and maintain a history of suggested holding decisions.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

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AI Berkshire skill: 投资论文追踪:买入后的纪律系统. Source: skills/thesis-tracker.md.

설치 방법 보기

이럴 때 유용합니다

  • Document purchase reasons and reassessment conditions
  • Check investment assumptions after quarterly earnings
  • Review predefined warning conditions
  • Track changes in valuations and holding decisions

포함된 파일(1)

  • SKILL.md8.9 KB

SKILL.md(원문)

설치하기 전에 에이전트에게 전달되는 지시 내용을 확인할 수 있습니다.

Codex adapter note

This skill is generated from skills/thesis-tracker.md so Claude Code and Codex users share one canonical workflow.

  • Treat $ARGUMENTS as the user's request in the current Codex thread.
  • When the source mentions Claude-only surfaces such as Task, Agent, WebSearch, Bash, Read, or Write, use the closest Codex capability available in this session: subagents when available, web search when needed, shell commands for local tools, and normal file edits for workspace files.
  • Use shared project tools from tools/ in this repository. Prefer running commands from the repository root with paths like python3 tools/financial_rigor.py ...; if the current thread starts outside the repo, locate the actual checkout path first instead of assuming a fixed home-directory path.
  • Before starting research, run the date command to confirm today's date; treat it as the baseline for "latest" data and state the data cutoff date in the report header. Never assume the current date from training data.
  • Preserve the research quality rules from AGENTS.md: cross-check financial data, use exact arithmetic tools for valuation/math, and clearly label uncertainty and source gaps.

投资论文追踪:买入后的纪律系统

对 $ARGUMENTS 执行投资论文追踪检查。

支持输入格式:

  • 公司名 — 首次使用时建立投资论文,后续使用时追踪检查
  • 公司名 建立论文 — 强制重新建立投资论文
  • 公司名 季度检查 — 基于最新财报进行论文检查

"买入只是开始。真正的工作是持有期间的持续跟踪。" —— 李录

"当事实改变时,我就改变想法。你呢?" —— 凯恩斯

设计理念

大多数投资者的流程是:研究 → 买入 → 祈祷。缺少买入后的系统化跟踪,导致:

  • 该卖的时候舍不得卖("再等等,会涨回来的")
  • 不该卖的时候恐慌卖出("跌了20%,是不是我错了")
  • 忘记了当初为什么买的("我买这个是因为什么来着?")

巴菲特和李录的做法是:买入前就写下卖出条件。然后每个季度检查论文是否完整。

执行流程

第一步:判断操作模式

检查是否已存在该公司的投资论文文件(reports/{公司名}-thesis.md):

  • 如果不存在 → 进入建立论文模式
  • 如果存在 → 进入追踪检查模式
  • 如果找不到但用户表示已有 → 询问文件路径

模式A:建立投资论文

A0:数据收集

使用 WebSearch 获取当前股价、估值指标(PE/PB/股息率)、最新财报核心数据,用于填写估值锚点。如果已有该公司的 /investment-research 或 /investment-team 报告,优先从中读取。

使用 tools/financial_rigor.py verify-valuation 校验估值数据。

A1:核心论文(必须用200字以内写清楚)

投资论文必须回答以下5个问题,每个问题一句话:

我以 ___元 买入 ___公司,因为:
1. 这门生意的本质是___,我理解它的赚钱方式
2. 它的护城河是___,而且在变宽/稳定
3. 管理层___,值得信赖的原因是___
4. 当前价格相当于内在价值的___折,安全边际来自___
5. 即使我错了,下行风险可控,因为___

如果5句话写不完整,这个论文本身就有问题——说明买入决策不够清晰。

A2:核心假设清单

把投资论文拆解成可验证的具体假设:

#核心假设验证方式验证频率当前状态
1例:收入增速维持15%+季报收入增速每季度🟢 成立
2例:毛利率稳定在60%+季报毛利率每季度🟢 成立
3例:管理层持续回购回购公告/现金流表每季度🟢 成立
4例:竞争对手未取得突破行业数据/竞对财报每半年🟢 成立
5............

通常3-7个假设。太少说明思考不够深入,太多说明论文不够聚焦。

A3:红线清单(触发任何一条 = 必须重新评估)

#红线条件严重程度触发后动作
1例:管理层诚信出问题(财务造假、关联交易)致命立即清仓
2例:核心业务连续2季度收入下滑严重减仓50%,重新评估
3例:护城河被明确突破(竞对获得同等能力)严重启动深度研究,考虑退出
4例:监管政策根本性改变商业模式严重重新评估内在价值
5例:管理层大规模减持(非计划性)警告深入调查原因

段永平:"卖出只有三个理由:1.发现买错了;2.公司基本面变了;3.找到了更好的。"

A4:估值锚点

指标买入时乐观目标中性目标悲观情景
股价
PE
市值
内在价值估算
安全边际

A5:保存论文

将投资论文写入 reports/{公司名}-thesis.md,包含:

  • 建立日期
  • 买入价格和仓位
  • 核心论文(5句话)
  • 核心假设清单
  • 红线清单
  • 估值锚点
  • 追踪记录表(初始为空)

模式B:追踪检查

B1:读取现有论文

读取 reports/{公司名}-thesis.md,加载:

  • 核心论文
  • 核心假设清单
  • 红线清单
  • 上次检查记录

B2:收集最新数据

使用 WebSearch 收集:

  1. 最新财报数据(如果有新的季报/年报)
  2. 近期重大事件(管理层变动、监管政策、竞争动态)
  3. 当前股价和估值指标
  4. 内部人交易记录(大股东增减持)

B3:逐条检查核心假设

对每个核心假设,用最新数据验证:

#核心假设上次状态最新证据当前状态变化
1收入增速15%+🟢 成立Q4收入增速12%🟡 边际弱化⚠️
2毛利率60%+🟢 成立毛利率61.2%🟢 成立—
3...............

状态定义:

  • 🟢 成立 — 最新数据支持该假设
  • 🟡 边际弱化 — 数据仍在可接受范围,但趋势不利
  • 🔴 受损 — 数据明确不支持该假设
  • ⚫ 破裂 — 假设已被推翻

B4:红线检查

逐条检查红线清单:

#红线条件是否触发证据
1管理层诚信问题❌ 未触发—
2核心业务连续2季下滑❌ 未触发—

任何一条红线触发 → 在报告中用醒目标注,给出明确的行动建议。

B5:估值更新

指标买入时上次检查当前变化
股价
PE(TTM)
内在价值估算
安全边际

B6:输出追踪报告

报告结构

一、论文健康度评分(满分10分)
二、核心假设检查结果(表格)
三、红线检查结果(表格)
四、本期关键变化(不超过500字)
五、估值更新
六、结论与行动建议
七、下次检查需关注的重点

论文健康度评分标准

评分含义建议动作
计算公式:健康度 = 10 - (⚫破裂假设数×3) - (🔴受损假设数×2) - (🟡弱化假设数×1) - (红线触发数×5),最低1分最高10分。
评分含义建议动作
9-10所有假设成立,论文比买入时更强考虑加仓
7-8核心假设成立,个别边际弱化继续持有
5-61-2个假设受损,但核心逻辑未变持有但提高警惕
3-4多个假设受损,论文基础动摇考虑减仓
1-2红线触发或核心假设破裂强烈建议卖出

结论必须明确回答

  1. 论文还完整吗? 完整 / 边际弱化 / 受损 / 破裂
  2. 该怎么做? 加仓 / 持有 / 减仓 / 清仓
  3. 下次检查时间:下一个季报发布后 / 某个特定事件后

B7:更新论文文件

将本次检查记录追加到 reports/{公司名}-thesis.md 的追踪记录表中:

检查日期健康度核心变化动作建议
2026-04-097/10收入增速放缓至12%,但利润率改善持有

关键原则

  • 买入前就写好卖出条件 — 冷静时做的决策比恐慌时做的好
  • 论文要具体到可验证 — "公司很好"不是论文,"ROE>25%且趋势稳定"才是
  • 红线一旦触发就行动 — 最怕的是"再等等看",这是亏大钱的开始
  • 论文破裂 ≠ 股价下跌 — 股价跌30%不一定要卖,论文破裂才要卖
  • 诚实面对错误 — 论文建错了就承认,不要为了面子硬撑

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