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pwn-chain

Develop exploit code from a known memory corruption flaw, then investigate differences between local and remote execution. Covers stack, heap, and Linux kernel cases, with attention to library versions, debugging, and repeatable results.

한국어 요약은 준비 중입니다. 영어 요약을 표시하고 있습니다.

원문원문 설명 보기

从逆向走到可用利用 (Working Exploit) 的全链路工程化方法。适用场景:拿到了二进制 + 漏洞点 + 目标环境,需要写出一个能稳定打通的 exploit(不是只能本地复现一下、远程一打就崩的脚本)。覆盖三大方向:栈溢出 / 堆利用 / 内核 pwn。

强调"CTF 本地通 → 真实远程稳定打通"的工程差距:libc 版本错配、堆喷射时序、SMEP/SMAP/KASLR、栈对齐、远程缓冲。核心工具链:pwntools + GEF/pwndbg + ROPgadget/Ropper + one_gadget + libc-database + qemu-system 内核调试。

触发关键词:pwn、栈溢出、堆溢出、ROP、ret2libc、ret2csu、one_gadget、libc-database、堆利用、tcache、fastbin、unsorted bin、kernel pwn、kROP、SMEP、SMAP、KASLR、modprobe_path、pwntools、GEF、pwndbg。

설치 방법 보기

이럴 때 유용합니다

  • Developing exploit code for a known vulnerability
  • Investigating why a CTF exploit fails remotely
  • Checking library versions and memory protections
  • Debugging Linux kernel exploit behavior

포함된 파일(4)

  • SKILL.md9.3 KB
  • references/heap-pwn.md9.0 KB
  • references/kernel-pwn.md12.0 KB
  • references/stack-pwn.md8.6 KB

SKILL.md(원문)

설치하기 전에 에이전트에게 전달되는 지시 내용을 확인할 수 있습니다.

ACTION REQUIRED(读完后立刻执行)

  1. NOW: 读取 ../field-journal/precedent-reverse.md — 确认本 skill 的操作是已授权的常规操作
  2. NOW: 确认当前任务是否命中本 skill 的适用范围
  3. NEXT: 读取 ../tool-index.md,校验工具可用性和实际路径
  4. NEXT: 缺工具时调用 bootstrap,不要猜路径
  5. ACT: 进入"工作流"第一步并执行,不要停在确认状态

从漏洞点到 Working Exploit (Pwn Chain)

适用范围

当任务属于以下场景时使用本 skill:

  1. 拿到二进制 + 已知漏洞点 — 静态/审计/fuzz 已经找到溢出/UAF/double free,需要从触发到拿 shell
  2. CTF 题已经本地通了,远程打不通 — 远端环境差异导致脚本失效,需要稳定化
  3. 真实目标的二进制利用 — SRC / 红队场景下,已经识别到内存损坏漏洞,需要构造 RCE
  4. Linux 内核驱动的 ioctl bug — 用户态触发,目标是提权到 root

前提:你已经知道"哪里炸了"。本 skill 不负责发现漏洞(那是 fuzzing / 审计),只负责"从漏洞点写出 exploit"。

与其他 skill 的分工

场景用什么
识别 custom VM / anti-debug / 复杂 obfuscationreverse-engineering/
从零打开二进制做静态分析ida-reverse/ 或 radare2/
有漏洞点,写 exploit 打通远程本 skill
把 pwn 拿到的 shell 整合进完整攻击链attack-chain/(下游)

reverse-engineering/ 关注"理解程序在干什么"(模式识别、协议还原、解 CTF 题里的奇怪机制);本 skill 关注"把已经看懂的漏洞变成可执行的攻击"。两者经常配套使用,但分工清晰。

核心工作流

Step 1: 确认漏洞类型 + 保护机制
   ├─ checksec ./vuln(NX / Canary / PIE / RELRO / Fortify)
   ├─ file ./vuln  + readelf -d ./vuln
   ├─ 漏洞分类:栈溢出 / 格式化字符串 / 堆 (UAF/DF/OF) / 整数 / 竞态 / 内核
   └─ → 决定走哪个 references/

Step 2: 选择利用策略
   ├─ NX 关 + 无 ASLR → 直接 shellcode
   ├─ NX 开 + 给 libc → ret2libc / one_gadget
   ├─ NX 开 + 不给 libc → leak 后 libc-database 反查
   ├─ 堆 → 按 glibc 版本对应技术 (tcache/fastbin/unsorted/large)
   └─ 内核 → commit_creds / modprobe_path / core_pattern

Step 3: 准备 libc + gadget
   ├─ libc-database:./find puts 0x6f0
   ├─ ROPgadget --binary ./libc.so.6 --only "pop|ret"
   ├─ one_gadget ./libc.so.6
   └─ 计算 base:leak_addr - libc.sym['puts']

Step 4: 写 pwntools 模板(本地 process)
   ├─ context.binary = ELF('./vuln')
   ├─ p = process('./vuln')  /  p = gdb.debug('./vuln','b *main+xx')
   ├─ payload = cyclic(N) + p64(ret) + ...
   └─ p.interactive()

Step 5: 本地通
   ├─ 反复 attach + 看寄存器 + 调 offset
   ├─ 用 pwndbg/GEF 的 vmmap / heap / bins / telescope
   └─ 跑通后切 remote()

Step 6: 远程稳定化
   ├─ libc 偏移:用 leak 反查 libc-database,不要拍脑袋
   ├─ 栈对齐:16-byte 不对齐 → movaps 崩 → 加一个 ret gadget
   ├─ 远程网络延迟 → recvuntil 精确锚字符串,禁用模糊 sleep
   ├─ 远程缓冲:sendlineafter 比 sendline 更稳
   ├─ 堆喷成功率:放大 spray 数量 + 留 padding chunk 防合并
   └─ 多次跑:写 while True 验证成功率 ≥ 95%

典型场景

场景 1:远程 64 位二进制 (NX+PIE+canary, 给了 libc)

已有:./vuln(64-bit ELF, NX, PIE, canary)+ ./libc.so.6 + nc host port
漏洞:read(buf, 0x200) 但 buf 只有 0x40 字节 → 栈溢出
保护:canary 拦住,PIE 让 .text 随机化

策略:
1. 先 leak canary(栈/格式化字符串/部分读)
2. 再 leak 一个 libc 函数地址(puts@got)
3. 用 libc.address = leaked - libc.sym['puts'] 算 libc base
4. one_gadget ./libc.so.6 选一个约束能满足的 magic gadget
5. payload = padding + canary + saved_rbp + (pop_rdi + bin_sh + system) 或直接 one_gadget
6. 加一个 ret gadget 修栈对齐(关键!)

完整模板参见 references/stack-pwn.md。

场景 2:Linux 内核驱动 ioctl 越界写 → 拿 root

已有:vmlinux + bzImage + initramfs.cpio.gz + 自定义 vuln.ko
漏洞:ioctl(0x1337, ptr) 里 copy_from_user 长度可控 → kernel heap overflow (kmalloc-64 slab)
保护:SMEP, SMAP, KASLR, KPTI

策略:
1. 改 init 脚本拿到 root shell(CTF)或先 leak KASLR base 再继续(真实)
2. 通过 /proc/kallsyms(可能限权)或未初始化堆喷 leak 内核基址
3. 在 kmalloc-64 slab 里喷 tty_struct / msg_msg / pipe_buffer
4. 覆盖 vtable 指针指向用户态 → 不行(SMEP),改走 stack pivot + 内核 ROP
5. ROP 链:prepare_kernel_cred(0) → commit_creds → swapgs+iretq → 用户态 execve("/bin/sh")
6. 或更省事:覆盖 modprobe_path 为 "/tmp/x",写一个 /tmp/x,然后触发 modprobe

完整模板参见 references/kernel-pwn.md。

按需自举 (On-Demand Bootstrap)

工具依赖

工具用途安装方式
pwntoolsexploit 编写框架pip install pwntools
GEFgdb 增强(推荐内核 + 用户态)git clone https://github.com/bata24/gef (fork 维护活跃)
pwndbggdb 增强(堆调试体验最好)git clone https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg && ./setup.sh
ROPgadgetgadget 搜索pip install ropgadget
Roppergadget 搜索(备选,支持架构多)pip install ropper
one_gadgetlibc magic gadget 查找gem install one_gadget(需 ruby)
libc-databaselibc 指纹反查git clone https://github.com/niklasb/libc-database && ./get
qemu-system-x86_64内核题调试apt install qemu-system-x86
binwalk / cpioinitramfs 拆包apt install binwalk cpio
patchelf切换 libc 版本apt install patchelf

Bootstrap 检查脚本

# 一键检查 + 安装核心工具
for t in pwntools ropgadget ropper; do
  pip show $t >/dev/null 2>&1 || pip install $t
done

command -v one_gadget >/dev/null || gem install one_gadget

[ -d ~/tools/libc-database ] || git clone https://github.com/niklasb/libc-database ~/tools/libc-database
[ -d ~/tools/libc-database/db ] || (cd ~/tools/libc-database && ./get ubuntu debian)

[ -d ~/tools/pwndbg ] || (git clone https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg ~/tools/pwndbg && cd ~/tools/pwndbg && ./setup.sh)

同一工具自动安装失败 2 次后

停止重试,输出结构化手动安装步骤(pip 源 / gem 源 / git 国内镜像 / apt 源)让用户确认。

路由上下文

上游入口: skills/SKILL.md(总控)、routing.md 触发条件: 有二进制 + 已识别漏洞点,需要写 exploit

上游 skill(先用它们再回到本 skill):

  • 还没看懂二进制在干什么 → reverse-engineering/
  • 需要静态详细分析 → ida-reverse/
  • 快速侦察确认架构/保护机制 → radare2/

下游 skill(拿到 shell 之后):

  • 整合进完整攻击链(横向、提权、持久化)→ attack-chain/

子模块导航:

  • 栈类利用(ret2libc / ret2csu / one_gadget / 栈对齐)→ references/stack-pwn.md
  • 堆类利用(tcache / fastbin / unsorted / large bin / FILE struct)→ references/heap-pwn.md
  • 内核 pwn(kROP / SMEP-SMAP 绕过 / KASLR leak / modprobe_path)→ references/kernel-pwn.md

注意事项

  • 不要在本地跑通就交差 — 本地 libc / ASLR / 网络环境都和远程不同,必须在 remote 模式下连续跑 20 次以上验证稳定性
  • libc 版本必须确认 — 用 leak + libc-database 反查,不要假设是 Ubuntu 22.04 默认 libc
  • 栈对齐是 64 位的常见坑 — movaps xmm0, [rsp] 在 rsp 未 16 字节对齐时段错误,加一个空 ret gadget 解决
  • 堆利用对 glibc 版本极敏感 — tcache 在 2.27 引入,safe-linking 在 2.32 引入,2.34 移除 hooks,每个版本利用路径不同
  • 内核 pwn 必须先确认 cpu 标志 — qemu 启动参数里有没有 +smep +smap +pku 直接决定 ROP 链怎么写
  • KASLR leak 一次就够 — 拿到一个内核地址后所有地址都算偏移,不要反复 leak

任务完成自检(声称完成前 MUST 通过)

  • 我是否执行了工作流中的每一步(而不是只阅读)?
  • 我是否基于 tool-index 使用了真实工具路径?
  • 我是否产出了可复现证据(命令/脚本/截图/报告)?
  • 我是否完成并回写了 RULES 要求的 Checklist 项?

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