「sam」の検索結果

Explains why studies on the same biomedical topic reach different or opposing conclusions by auditing differences in population, endpoint definition, sample source, assay or platform, study design, statistical model, adjustment strategy, validation chain, and bias control. It separates true contradiction from apparent contradiction caused by framing or methods. Never fabricate references, PMIDs, DOIs, trial identifiers, dataset details, platform details, study features, or conflict explanations that are not supported by the input.

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Use when performing sample-level dimensionality reduction and visualization on abundance or OTU-style matrices with a companion group file, generating UMAP and/or t-SNE coordinates and plots for group separation assessment. NOT for: differential expression testing, single-cell workflows requiring dedicated embeddings pipelines, or analyses without a sample grouping file.

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Acknowledges limitations in sample, design, measurement, and validation in a professional way that improves credibility without undermining the whole paper. Use when writing the limitations paragraph of a Discussion section, preparing a grant risk assessment, responding to reviewers about study weaknesses, or framing scope boundaries for a paper. Also triggers on "write my limitations", "how should I address the limitation of", "reviewer said my sample is too small", or "help me word this limitation".

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Use when filtering genes with high missingness and then imputing missing values in a bulk expression matrix with group-aware KNN through DMwR2, where donor samples are restricted by one annotation column before imputation. For strata with 10 or fewer samples, the script falls back to row-wise direct filling with mean or median. NOT for: single-cell data, multi-column stratification, non-tabular inputs, network access, or interactive workflows.

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Nuxt adapter for embedding emulators directly in a Nuxt app via @emulators/adapter-nuxt. Use when the user needs to embed emulators in Nuxt, set up same-origin OAuth for preview deployments, create an emulate catch-all server route, configure persistence for embedded Nuxt emulators, or wrap nuxt.config with withEmulate. Triggers include "Nuxt emulator", "adapter-nuxt", "embedded emulator", "same-origin OAuth", "createEmulateHandler", "withEmulate", or any task requiring emulators inside a Nuxt app.

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Next.js adapter for embedding emulators directly in a Next.js app via @emulators/adapter-next. Use when the user needs to embed emulators in Next.js, set up same-origin OAuth for Vercel preview deployments, create an emulate catch-all route handler, configure Auth.js/NextAuth with embedded emulators, add persistence to embedded emulators, or wrap next.config with withEmulate. Triggers include "Next.js emulator", "adapter-next", "embedded emulator", "same-origin OAuth", "Vercel preview", "createEmulateHandler", "withEmulate", or any task requiring emulators inside a Next.js app.

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Standardize video sampling and frame indexing so interval instructions and mask frames stay aligned with a valid key/index scheme.

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Use BEFORE reading any data file that could be large (CSV/TSV, Parquet, HDF5, FITS, NetCDF, NDJSON, genomics FASTQ/FASTA/VCF/BAM, GRIB, ROOT, or big text/simulation logs like VASP OUTCAR). Returns a compact memory pointer — header/schema/shape/sample/key numbers — by introspection and sampling in bounded memory, so you never load a file bigger than the context window into the model. Reference data via the pointer; read specific ranges deterministically.

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Compute statistical power, required sample size, and minimum detectable effect (MDE) for a study design, then write a registry-ready power section. Handles two-arm RCTs (with clustering / ICC and unequal allocation), multiple-arm corrections, and a simulation-based power option for non-standard designs (DiD/event-study, IV, panel). Use when user says "power analysis", "power calculation", "MDE", "minimum detectable effect", "how big a sample do I need", "is my study powered", "power for an RCT", or when /preregister needs a power section for an experiment. Produces a power/MDE table, power curves, and a methods paragraph to paste into a preregistration.

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Decide which single journalist at one publication to approach first with a pitch. Fit-checks each candidate through journalist-fit-check, then ranks the survivors on the comparative signals that separate colleagues at the same masthead (topic ownership, format match, staff vs. contributor, publishing cadence, recent story types, source-type match), and returns one first pick with tailoring notes plus a held fallback order.

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Design statistically rigorous A/B tests for product features, UI changes, onboarding flows, and pricing experiments. Use when asked to set up an experiment, design an A/B test, calculate sample size, or interpret test results. Produces a complete test plan with hypothesis, variant definitions, sample size, duration estimate, guardrail metrics, and a results interpretation guide.

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Quote and dispatch same-day Uber Direct courier deliveries, and check their status. Trigger phrases: uber direct, same-day delivery, dispatch courier, delivery quote.

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Read status and send commands to Samsung SmartThings devices: lights, locks, thermostats, sirens, garage doors. Trigger phrases: smartthings, samsung smart home, unlock the door, smartthings thermostat.

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Compares Hi-C contact maps between conditions across the right scale -- differential bin-pair contacts (multiHiCcompare, diffHic), differential A/B compartments (dcHiC), differential TAD boundaries (delta insulation), and differential loops (diffloop, DiffHiChIP) -- with distance-stratified between-sample normalization, replicate-aware NB-GLM FDR, HiCRep SCC reproducibility gating, and CNV correction for cancer/aneuploid samples. Use when comparing Hi-C between treatment and control, finding differential contacts/compartments/boundaries/loops, normalizing two maps of unequal depth, choosing a replicate-aware test, gating replicates with SCC, or correcting copy-number artifacts before a tumor-vs-normal comparison.

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Balances Hi-C contact matrices (ICE via cooler.balance_cooler, KR/SCALE/VC context), computes distance-decay expected with cooltools (expected_cis per-diagonal P(s), expected_trans scalar), builds observed/expected (O/E) matrices, and diagnoses polymer state from the P(s) log-derivative. Covers the within-matrix-vs-cross-sample distinction (balancing is NOT a normalizer), the equal-visibility assumption that CNV/aneuploidy violates (use raw counts for copy-number), cis-only balancing, mad_max/blacklist masking before balancing, multiplicative cooler weights vs divisive juicer weights, and the resolution-vs-depth budget. Use when balancing a .cool/.mcool, computing expected or P(s), making O/E matrices for compartments/loops, deciding ICE vs KR vs SCALE, choosing a resolution for a given depth, or troubleshooting NaN/all-NaN balanced matrices; route cross-sample comparison to hic-differential.

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Detects somatic mutations in circulating tumor DNA, treating low-VAF detection as a signal-versus-noise problem set by error suppression and molecules sampled, not by the choice of caller. Distinguishes de novo CALLING (scanning a panel for unknown variants, bounded by per-locus error and multiple testing) from tumor-informed DETECTION (tracking a pre-specified variant set, where panel integration reaches single-ppm). Covers VarDict and Mutect2 for de novo calling, UMI-aware callers, and a pysam-based known-variant VAF tracker, with matched-WBC subtraction as the mandatory defense against clonal hematopoiesis (the dominant false positive). Use when calling or tracking tumor mutations from plasma cfDNA, setting a VAF threshold, or deciding whether a low-VAF call is tumor versus CHIP.

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Generates, normalizes, and converts bedGraph signal tracks (4-column chrom/start/end/value, 0-based half-open) with bedtools genomecov, deepTools bamCoverage/bamCompare/bigwigCompare, bedtools unionbedg, and UCSC bedGraphToBigWig. Covers why a raw coverage bedGraph is not comparable across samples until normalized, the CPM/RPKM/BPM/RPGC normalization menu and the conserved-total assumption that makes them wrong under a global perturbation, the strict sorted-non-overlapping-chrom.sizes bedGraphToBigWig contract that silently corrupts a bigWig, effective-genome-size selection, and bin-size aliasing. Use when building or normalizing a coverage/signal track from a BAM, comparing tracks across samples or conditions, converting bedGraph to a browser-ready bigWig, or diagnosing a track that looks plausible but reports wrong heights.

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Computes and interprets sequencing read depth and coverage over a genome, windows, or target regions with mosdepth (windowed depth, cumulative distribution, --quantize callable BEDs), bedtools genomecov/coverage (bedGraph tracks, per-target stats), samtools depth/coverage (per-base depth, per-contig depth+breadth). Covers the breadth-vs-mean distinction, the cumulative-coverage curve, evenness (CV/Fano/fold-80/Gini), what each tool silently counts (duplicates, secondary/supplementary, MAPQ, read span vs fragment, mate-overlap), the samtools-depth 8000-cap version trap, and the bedtools coverage -a/-b orientation flip. Use when assessing sequencing adequacy, building coverage tracks, computing breadth at a depth threshold, defining callable regions, or QCing target-capture uniformity.

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Estimates time-scaled phylogenies, molecular-clock rates, effective reproduction number R_e, and population dynamics from dated pathogen genomes using TreeTime (maximum-likelihood) and BEAST2 (Bayesian; strict/relaxed clocks; coalescent, Bayesian-Skyline, Skygrid, Birth-Death-Skyline, and sampled-ancestor priors; structured coalescent via MASCOT). Covers root-to-tip clock QC via TempEst, date-randomisation tests, recombination masking via Gubbins/ClonalFrameML before clock inference for recombining bacteria, BDSKY origin-vs-rootHeight pitfalls, sampling-bias correction, multi-chain convergence diagnostics, and reconciling phylodynamic R_e with case-based R_t. Use when dating outbreak origins, estimating substitution rates, inferring R_e through time, building time-calibrated Nextstrain Augur trees, choosing between strict and relaxed clocks, fitting Birth-Death-Skyline models, diagnosing temporal-signal failure, running MASCOT for structured-population analyses, or using UShER for pandemic-scale placement.

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Normalizes and transforms RNA-seq count matrices for DE, visualization, clustering, and ML. Covers between-sample (TMM, TMMwsp, RLE/median-of-ratios, upper quartile), within-sample (TPM, FPKM/RPKM), variance-stabilizing (VST, rlog, log-CPM), GC-content correction (cqn, EDASeq), and single-cell (scran deconvolution, scanpy normalize_total). Encodes the composition-bias rationale, the "most genes not DE" assumption and its catastrophic failure modes (MYC amplification, apoptosis, viral host shutoff, prokaryotic stress), the "lengthScaledTPM is not TPM" naming trap, the "TPM is not for DE" rule, the blind=TRUE vs FALSE decision, ERCC spike-in normalization (SBN), and the single-cell zero-inflation breakdown of TMM/RLE. Use when choosing or applying normalization, debugging shifted-MA-plot diagnostics, handling zero-heavy single-cell data, or correcting GC bias.

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Transfers gene annotations between genome assemblies via coordinate liftover (UCSC liftOver, CrossMap for same-species version updates) or feature/sequence projection (Liftoff for same/close species, miniprot for protein-level cross-species, TOGA/GeMoMa/CAT for distant clades). Covers the coordinate-vs-projection decision by divergence, why a successful lift is not biological confirmation, reference bias, the silent-dropping of unmapped features, build/PAR/MHC/inversion hazards, and transfer-vs-de-novo validation. Use when annotating a new assembly of a species with an existing reference, harmonizing coordinates across builds, or mapping annotations across related species.

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Designs genomics experiments so technical nuisance variation (batch, lane, plate, flow cell, operator, reagent lot, processing day) is balanced against the biological variable of interest and therefore estimable rather than confounded, using constrained sample-to-batch assignment (designit, OSAT), the confounder/mediator/collider distinction, and the principle that no post-hoc correction recovers a fully confounded design. Covers detecting hidden batches with surrogate variable analysis, a decision table for downstream correction (ComBat-seq, RUVSeq, SVA) whose execution is deferred to differential-expression/batch-correction, and reproducibility metadata. Use when assigning samples to sequencing batches/lanes/plates, avoiding batch-condition confounding, deciding whether a design is salvageable by correction, choosing a correction method, or estimating the number of hidden batches. For the experimental unit, randomization, and blocking concepts see experimental-design/randomization-blocking.

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Performs differential expression on bulk RNA-seq count data with edgeR's negative-binomial GLM and quasi-likelihood F-test framework. Covers DGEList construction, filterByExpr, TMM/TMMwsp normalization, robust dispersion estimation, glmQLFit/glmQLFTest, TREAT for magnitude-bounded hypotheses, contrasts via no-intercept designs, voom and voomWithQualityWeights for heterogeneous samples, and the edgeR v4 bias-corrected APL changes. Use when running bulk DE with edgeR, choosing edgeR over DESeq2 (small n, transcript DE via catchSalmon, large samples), needing TREAT for a fold-change-threshold hypothesis, troubleshooting v3-to-v4 reproducibility, building paired or interaction designs, or handling library-quality heterogeneity.

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Build clustered heatmaps for expression matrices and other features-by-samples data with rigorous distance/linkage/scaling choices, robust color mapping, optimal leaf ordering, and ComplexHeatmap/pheatmap/seaborn rendering. Covers the ward.D vs ward.D2 trap, the row-vs-column scaling decision, multi-track annotations, oncoPrint, and raster rendering for large matrices. Use when visualizing expression patterns across samples or identifying co-regulated clusters.

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