「20」の検索結果

Analyzes CRISPR drug-modifier (chemogenomic) screens with drugZ (Li & Hart 2019 Genome Med), a bidirectional Z-score method that identifies synthetic-lethal sensitizing genes and resistance-conferring suppressor genes from vehicle vs drug comparisons. Covers vehicle-anchored design (not Day-0), the bidirectional Z math giving 2-3x sensitivity over MAGeCK / STARS / edgeR / RIGER on drug screens, per-gene sumZ and normZ, synth (sensitizer) vs supp (suppressor) FDR, multi-dose handling, integration with control sgRNAs, and comparison with MAGeCK MLE with dose covariate. Use when running a drug-modifier CRISPR screen, identifying sensitizing or resistance genes for a drug candidate, choosing drugZ vs MAGeCK MLE for chemogenomic analysis, troubleshooting low-effect drug screens where MAGeCK lacks sensitivity, or designing a drug-screen layout (vehicle vs drug arms).

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Runs JACKS (Joint Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Screens; Allen et al 2019 Genome Research) which models per-sgRNA log-fold-change as the product of a treatment-dependent gene-essentiality term and a treatment-independent guide-efficacy term. Covers the Bayesian decomposition math, the hierarchical efficacy prior shared across screens performed with the same library, when JACKS outperforms MAGeCK (multi-screen joint analysis, libraries with broad efficacy variance) and when it does not (single screen, novel libraries with no prior efficacy), library-reuse efficacy transfer, downstream essentiality interpretation, and the 2.5x sample-size reduction enabled by efficacy-aware testing. Use when running multiple screens with the same library, when guide-level noise is suspected to dominate per-gene signal, when reusing published essentiality reference screens for efficacy priors, or when comparing screens performed across cell lines that share library but differ biologically.

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Analyzes pooled CRISPR screens with MAGeCK (Li et al 2014), covering count generation (mageck count), the RRA two-condition workflow (mageck test using alpha-RRA over per-sgRNA negative-binomial p-values), the MLE multi-condition workflow (mageck mle with explicit design matrix and beta-score output), normalization choice (median vs total vs control-sgRNA vs spike-in), sgRNA efficiency injection, paired-sample testing, time-course design, drug-screen versus dropout-screen design matrices, MAGeCKFlute and MAGeCK-VISPR downstream visualization, and decision logic for when to use MAGeCK vs JACKS / BAGEL2 / drugZ / Chronos. Use when running a fresh CRISPR screen analysis, picking RRA vs MLE for the experimental design, choosing a normalization method from QC signatures, debugging MLE convergence failure or NaN beta scores, comparing MAGeCK output across tools, or building a batch-aware multi-cell-line / multi-condition MLE design matrix.

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Plot per-group distributions of continuous data using boxplots, violins, beeswarms, quasirandom jitter, and raincloud plots with sample-size honesty (Weissgerber 2015), KDE-bandwidth awareness, and N-aware encoding choices. Use when comparing distributions across a small number of groups — expression per cluster, biomarker per arm, scores per condition — and the bar-of-mean default is misleading.

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Download large datasets from NCBI efficiently using EPost, history server, batching, rate limiting, and retry logic. Use when bulk-fetching tens of thousands of sequences, pulling all results of a large ESearch, designing reproducible pipelines, comparing E-utilities to NCBI Datasets v2 CLI, or implementing checksum-validated downloads. Encodes WebEnv TTL (~8h), EPost 200-ID limit, retmax caps, parallelization design, and integrity verification.

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Run remote BLAST searches against NCBI servers using Biopython Bio.Blast.NCBIWWW. Use when identifying unknown sequences, finding homologs, picking the correct BLAST program (blastn/blastp/blastx/tblastn/tblastx/psiblast/megablast/dc-megablast), interpreting Karlin-Altschul E-values, avoiding the max_target_seqs trap (Shah 2019), choosing composition-based statistics, or limiting searches by organism. Covers RID lifecycle, database choice (nt/nr/refseq_select/swissprot), word-size and CBS taxonomy.

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Find cross-database references between NCBI databases using Biopython Bio.Entrez (ELink). Use when navigating gene to protein/structure, sequence to publication, PubMed to GEO, BioProject to SRA runs, or discovering all link relationships for a record. Covers linkname semantics, cmd= variants, asymmetric link warnings, neighbor_history for >200 input IDs, and per-database link tables.

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Performs subgroup and heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) analyses for clinical trials. Covers Mantel-Haenszel pooling, Breslow-Day, interaction tests in regression, RERI for additive interaction, modern data-adaptive HTE methods (STEPP, SIDES, causal forests, X/R-learners), Bayesian shrinkage (Dixon-Simon, MAP, EXNEX), graphical multiplicity (Bretz-Maurer), and credibility frameworks (Sun BMJ, EMA 2019). Use when analyzing treatment effects across patient subgroups for regulatory submissions or precision-medicine claims.

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Build and analyze pangenomes for prokaryotes (Panaroo, PPanGGOLiN, PEPPAN, GET_HOMOLOGUES, anvi'o pangenomics) and eukaryotes (Minigraph-Cactus, PGGB, vg pangenome graphs). Implement Tettelin core/accessory/cloud genome decomposition (Tettelin 2005), Heap's law open/closed pangenome modeling, gene presence/absence GWAS (Scoary, pyseer), pangenome graph variant calling (vg, PanGenie), and structural-variation graph indexing. Use when assembling species- or genus-level pan-gene catalogs, separating core from accessory/shell/cloud genes, testing gene-content associations with phenotypes, building pangenome graphs from haplotype-resolved assemblies, calling SVs from pangenome graphs, or selecting between bacterial-pangenome and eukaryotic-pangenome workflows.

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Detect positive (diversifying / episodic / pervasive) selection using codon dN/dS frameworks. Implements PAML codeml site models (M0/M1a/M2a/M7/M8/M8a), branch models, branch-site model A (Zhang 2005), and HyPhy methods (BUSTED, BUSTED-S, BUSTED-MH, BUSTED-PH, MEME, FEL, FUBAR, aBSREL, SLAC, RELAX, GARD, FUBAR-MH). Includes McDonald-Kreitman framework (asymptotic alpha, impMKT, polyDFE, DFE-alpha, GRAPES) for within-species + divergence inference, RERconverge for trait-correlated rate shifts, CSUBST for convergent substitution, and PhyloAcc for accelerated noncoding evolution. Use when testing adaptive evolution at codons, branches, or full gene; running GARD recombination pre-screen; controlling alignment-error and gBGC false positives; reconciling PAML vs HyPhy results; or performing genome-scale selection scans.

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Classify constitutional (germline) copy number variants for clinical reporting using the 2019 ACMG/ClinGen technical standards points-based framework, with ClassifyCNV and AnnotSV for semi-automated scoring. Covers the separate copy-number-loss and copy-number-gain rubrics, the five-tier classification, ClinGen haploinsufficiency/triplosensitivity and dosage-sensitive regions, de novo and segregation evidence, and population-frequency benign evidence. Use when assigning pathogenic/likely-pathogenic/VUS/likely-benign/benign to a constitutional CNV, scoring a CNV against ACMG/ClinGen criteria, or distinguishing the automatable evidence from the case-specific evidence requiring manual input.

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Identifies super-enhancers from H3K27ac, MED1, or BRD4 ChIP-seq using ROSE, ROSE2, LILY, HOMER -style super, and ENCODE dELS cross-referencing. Handles peak stitching parameters, ranking choices, hockey-stick inflection, marker choice (H3K27ac vs MED1/BRD4), and cross-condition comparison with spike-in normalization. Constructs core regulatory circuitry (Saint-Andre 2016) from SE-encoded TFs. Use when identifying cell-identity / cancer-associated regulatory domains, comparing super-enhancers between conditions, identifying master transcription factor networks, or predicting BET-inhibitor responsiveness.

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Reads, writes, and converts molecular file formats (SMILES, InChI, SDF V2000/V3000, MOL2, PDB, MMTF) using RDKit and Open Babel with rigorous handling of aromaticity perception, stereochemistry, implicit/explicit hydrogens, kekulization, and salt/fragment separation. Use when loading chemical libraries, debugging parse failures, or preparing molecules for downstream standardization, descriptor calculation, or docking.

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Estimate SNP heritability and partition it across functional annotations, cell types, and loci from GWAS summary statistics or individual-level genotypes. Implements LDSC, stratified LDSC with the baseline-LD model, Finucane 2018 cell-type prioritization, LDAK SumHer, HDL, HESS local heritability, BOLT-REML, GCTA-GREML, graphREML, and Popcorn cross-population genetic correlation. Use when computing total h2_SNP from summary stats, partitioning heritability across functional categories, prioritizing trait-relevant tissues or cell types from ENCODE/Roadmap chromatin marks, reconciling LDSC vs LDAK enrichment estimates, computing local heritability with HESS, estimating genetic correlation between traits, or producing publication-grade enrichment with calibrated sensitivity to model assumptions.

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Computes and interprets treatment effect measures (OR, RR, RD, HR, NNT) with calibrated confidence intervals (Wilson, Newcombe, Miettinen-Nurminen, MOVER, profile likelihood, Bender NNT) and reports marginal vs conditional estimands per FDA 2023 covariate adjustment guidance. Use when reporting treatment effects in confirmatory trials, comparing effect sizes across studies, or constructing forest plots.

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Fits structural equation models to GWAS summary statistics using GenomicSEM (Grotzinger 2019), including common-factor models, confirmatory factor models, ESEM, common-factor GWAS with Q_SNP heterogeneity, multivariate Wald tests, and stratified GenomicSEM partitioned heritability. Reconciles results against MTAG multi-trait analysis. Handles sample overlap via the LDSC sampling-covariance matrix, identifies and resolves Heywood cases, and verifies model fit with CFI / RMSEA. Use when modeling latent genetic architecture across correlated traits, running multivariate GWAS on a shared factor, distinguishing factor-mediated from trait-specific SNP effects, or comparing GenomicSEM common-factor results against MTAG when both depend on accurate sampling covariance.

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Performs logistic regression for clinical trial outcomes (binary, ordinal, multinomial) with marginal-vs-conditional estimand reporting per FDA 2023 covariate adjustment guidance, g-computation/standardisation for marginal effects, modified Poisson for RR, Brant test for proportional odds, Firth penalty for separation, and Hauck-Donner detection. Use when modeling binary or ordinal endpoints in confirmatory or exploratory clinical trials.

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Predicts whether a DNA variant alters mRNA splicing using sequence-based deep-learning tools — SpliceAI (10kb context dilated CNN, clinical default), Pangolin (multi-tissue), MMSplice (modular per-region CNN with calibrated ΔPSI), SpliceTransformer/TrASPr (tissue-aware transformers), SpliceVault (empirical 300K-RNA lookup of likely mis-splicing outcomes), CADD-Splice (composite score). Applies the ClinGen SVI 2023 framework for ACMG/AMP variant interpretation (PVS1, PP3, BP4 evidence codes), HGVS splicing nomenclature (c.123+1G>A, c.123-3T>G, r.spl?), extended-window scoring for deep-intronic pseudoexons, tissue-specific predictions, branchpoint variant detection (BPHunter, LaBranchoR), and splice-switching ASO design. Use when interpreting splice impact of clinical variants, prioritizing VUS, identifying deep-intronic pathogenic variants, or designing ASOs.

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Detects differential alternative splicing between conditions using rMATS-turbo (binomial LRT on junction counts), leafcutter (Dirichlet-multinomial GLM on intron clusters), MAJIQ V3 deltapsi/HET (Bayesian posterior on LSVs), SUPPA2 (empirical-null on TPM-derived PSI), or Shiba (junction-imbalance-corrected, 2025 SOTA at low coverage). Reports FDR-corrected significance and delta PSI effect sizes. Tools differ in statistical model, annotation dependence, calibration regime, and replicate-count requirements. Use when comparing splicing patterns between treatment groups, tissues, or disease states.

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Quantifies alternative splicing as PSI (percent spliced in) from RNA-seq using rMATS-turbo (BAM-based event), SUPPA2 (TPM-based event), MAJIQ V3 (LSV-based Bayesian), leafcutter (annotation-free intron clusters), VAST-TOOLS (cross-species with microexon support), Shiba (junction-imbalance-corrected, 2025 SOTA at low coverage), or IRFinder-S (intron retention coverage-aware). Distinguishes the five canonical event classes (SE, A5SS, A3SS, MXE, RI), special classes (microexons, exitrons, AFE/ALE), intron retention subtypes (canonical RI vs detained introns), and applies effective-length normalization. Use when measuring splice-site usage or isoform inclusion ratios from short-read RNA-seq.

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Analyzes alternative splicing from PacBio Iso-Seq (HiFi, Kinnex/MAS-Iso-seq) and Oxford Nanopore (direct cDNA, direct RNA, R10.4.1+) long-read RNA-seq with full-isoform resolution. Tools include FLAIR (correct/collapse/quantify/diffSplice for PacBio + ONT), IsoQuant (de-novo or annotation-guided isoform discovery 2024 SOTA), Bambu (annotation-aware Bayesian discovery + quantification with Novel Discovery Rate), SQANTI3/SQANTI-LR (isoform classification: FSM/ISM/NIC/NNC + artifact flags), rMATS-long (event calling on long-read isoforms), and minimap2 (-ax splice:hq for HiFi; -ax splice -k14 for ONT cDNA; add -uf only for direct RNA or stranded cDNA preps). Solves microexon detection, recursive splicing, complex multi-exon isoforms, and DTU without transcript-quantification uncertainty. Use when short-read AS limitations (anchor length, complex isoforms, microexons, recursive splicing, transcript ambiguity) demand full-isoform resolution.

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Build a differential-ready consensus peakset from per-replicate ATAC-seq peaks using iterative overlap removal, fixed-width re-centering, and majority-rule overlap. Use when generating a stable peak coordinate system for downstream differential accessibility, ML feature engineering, cross-sample comparison, or fixed-width peak counts; covers Corces 2018 iterative overlap (501 bp), DiffBind summit re-centering, and ENCODE consistency rules.

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Run the PageSpeed performance audit — 80/20 analysis of Core Web Vitals using the PageSpeed Insights API.

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Provides expert knowledge for implementing and reviewing application security following OWASP Top 10 (2021), with stack-specific patterns for Spring Boot, Django, Next.js, and Astro.

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