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Classify constitutional (germline) copy number variants for clinical reporting using the 2019 ACMG/ClinGen technical standards points-based framework, with ClassifyCNV and AnnotSV for semi-automated scoring. Covers the separate copy-number-loss and copy-number-gain rubrics, the five-tier classification, ClinGen haploinsufficiency/triplosensitivity and dosage-sensitive regions, de novo and segregation evidence, and population-frequency benign evidence. Use when assigning pathogenic/likely-pathogenic/VUS/likely-benign/benign to a constitutional CNV, scoring a CNV against ACMG/ClinGen criteria, or distinguishing the automatable evidence from the case-specific evidence requiring manual input.

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Annotate CLIP-seq peaks or crosslink sites to RNA features (5'UTR, CDS, 3'UTR, intron, splice junction, snoRNA, tRNA, ncRNA, repeat elements) with ChIPseeker, RCAS, RBP-Maps (Yeo splicing regulatory maps), and bedtools, applying feature-priority hierarchies, transcript-context resolution, and metagene aggregation. Use when characterizing where in transcripts an RBP binds, comparing peak distribution across regions, generating splicing-regulatory maps relative to alternative-splicing events, or distinguishing exonic vs intronic vs UTR binding.

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Detect single-nucleotide crosslink (CL) sites in CLIP-seq data using truncation patterns (iCLIP/eCLIP CITS), crosslink-induced mutations (HITS-CLIP CIMS deletions, PAR-CLIP T-to-C), or HMM/kernel-density methods (PureCLIP, PARalyzer, CTK). Use when single-nucleotide resolution is required for motif registration (mCross), allele-specific binding (BEAPR), variant-effect prediction, or comparing crosslink chemistry across CLIP variants.

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Identify differentially bound regions across CLIP-seq conditions (knockdown vs control, treatment vs vehicle, disease vs healthy) using DEWSeq (sliding-window DESeq2), Flipper (Skipper-downstream), ASpeak, edgeR, or limma-voom. Use when computing condition-level changes in RBP binding intensity, choosing peak-level vs window-level vs crosslink-level testing, designing replicate experiments, or distinguishing biological binding shifts from technical confounders.

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Profiles RNA-binding protein targets without antibody or UV crosslinking using STAMP (APOBEC1-RBP fusion, C-to-U editing), scSTAMP (single-cell), TRIBE/HyperTRIBE (ADAR-RBP, A-to-I editing), DART-seq (APOBEC1-YTH for m6A), or Bullseye/SAILOR edit-site detection pipelines. Use when antibody is unavailable or specificity is doubtful, when single-cell RBP profiling is needed (scSTAMP), or when in vivo RBP profiling without UV is preferred.

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Estimate causal effects of an exposure on an outcome from GWAS summary statistics using genetic instruments. Implements IVW (fixed/random), MR-Egger, weighted median/mode, MR-RAPS, CAUSE, GSMR-HEIDI, MR-PRESSO, MVMR, MR-Clust, LCV, and LHC-MR via TwoSampleMR, MendelianRandomization, MR-PRESSO, cause, and lhcMR. Use when testing causal direction between traits, evaluating drug-target effects via cis-pQTL/cis-eQTL, performing multivariable mediation MR, distinguishing causation from correlated horizontal pleiotropy, or producing STROBE-MR-compliant sensitivity batteries.

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Searches molecular libraries for substructure matches using SMARTS patterns with explicit handling of recursive SMARTS, ring membership, aromaticity dialect, vector binding, atom map indices, and reactive/PAINS/REOS/Brenk/Aldridge filter catalogs. Use when filtering compounds by pharmacophore features, functional groups, scaffold matches, or screening for assay-interference / structural alerts.

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Calls ChIP-seq peaks with MACS3, MACS2, HOMER, or SPP across narrow (TF) and broad (histone) modes. Handles input control matching, fragment-size modeling vs --nomodel, effective genome size, ENCODE-style IDR vs naive overlap, hyper-ChIPable artifacts, and aligner-specific shifts. Use when calling peaks from ChIP-seq alignments, choosing between narrow vs broad mode for a histone mark, deciding model vs nomodel for low-depth data, applying ENCODE pseudoreplicate IDR, or reconciling MACS vs HOMER vs SPP results.

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Enumerates virtual chemical libraries via reaction SMARTS transformations using RDKit and Reaction templates, with explicit handling of atom mapping, template extraction (RDKit reaction mining), product validation, RECAP/BRICS fragmentation, R-group decomposition, matched molecular pair analysis (MMPA), and Free-Wilson analysis. Use when generating combinatorial libraries from building blocks, enumerating analog series, deriving structure-activity rules, or extracting transformations from reaction data.

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Analyzes CUT&RUN (Skene Henikoff 2017) and CUT&Tag (Kaya-Okur 2019) chromatin profiling data. Handles SEACR vs MACS2 peak calling (with the btaf375 2025 benchmark guidance), pA-MNase vs pA-Tn5 vs pAG-Tn5 chimera differences, E. coli spike-in carryover normalization, IgG-only control logic (no input), characteristic fragment-size signatures (25-75 bp for CUT&Tag), and lower depth requirements (5M reads typical vs 25M for ChIP). Use when calling peaks from CUT&RUN/CUT&Tag, scaling by E. coli spike-in carryover, choosing SEACR norm mode, or comparing CUT&RUN/Tag results to traditional ChIP.

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Trains and applies base-resolution deep learning models on ChIP-seq / ChIP-nexus / CUT&RUN data. Uses BPNet (Avsec 2021 Nat Genet 53:354; soft motif syntax from ChIP-nexus), chromBPNet (Pampari A et al 2025 Nat Genet; bias-factorized base-resolution profiles), EnFormer (Avsec 2021 Nat Methods 18:1196; 196 kb input, ~100 kb effective receptive field), DeepSEA (Zhou 2015; multi-task CNN), and JASPAR 2026 deep-learning collection (1259 BPNet ChIP models). Performs in silico mutagenesis for variant-effect prediction, DeepLIFT/Grad attribution, and TF-MoDISco motif discovery from attribution scores. Use when predicting variant effects on TF binding, discovering soft motif syntax / cooperativity, integrating ChIP-seq with sequence-only predictions, or applying precomputed JASPAR Deep Learning models to new variants.

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Reads, writes, and converts molecular file formats (SMILES, InChI, SDF V2000/V3000, MOL2, PDB, MMTF) using RDKit and Open Babel with rigorous handling of aromaticity perception, stereochemistry, implicit/explicit hydrogens, kekulization, and salt/fragment separation. Use when loading chemical libraries, debugging parse failures, or preparing molecules for downstream standardization, descriptor calculation, or docking.

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Implements missing-data sensitivity analyses for confirmatory clinical trials including MMRM under MAR (with Kenward-Roger correction), reference-based multiple imputation (J2R, CR, CIR, LMCF per Carpenter-Roger 2013), Permutt delta-adjustment / tipping-point analysis, pattern-mixture identifying restrictions (CCMV, NCMV, ACMV), and the Cro vs Bartlett variance debate. Use when handling missing primary or secondary endpoint data in regulatory submissions following NRC 2010 and ICH E9(R1).

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Performs logistic regression for clinical trial outcomes (binary, ordinal, multinomial) with marginal-vs-conditional estimand reporting per FDA 2023 covariate adjustment guidance, g-computation/standardisation for marginal effects, modified Poisson for RR, Brant test for proportional odds, Firth penalty for separation, and Hauck-Donner detection. Use when modeling binary or ordinal endpoints in confirmatory or exploratory clinical trials.

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Detect and adjust for horizontal pleiotropy in two-sample Mendelian randomization by distinguishing uncorrelated (UHP) from correlated (CHP) pleiotropy and choosing among Egger, MR-PRESSO, MR-RAPS, CAUSE, LHC-MR, LCV, MR-Clust, MR-Mix, and contamination-mixture methods. Use when validating an MR causal claim, running the STROBE-MR sensitivity battery, suspecting a shared heritable confounder, working under weak-instrument or polygenic-exposure regimes, or reconciling discordant estimates across robust methods.

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Reads, validates, and prepares CDISC SDTM and ADaM clinical trial data for analysis. Covers SDTM domain joins (DM, AE, EX, VS, LB, DS), ADaM architecture (ADSL, BDS, OCCDS, ADTTE) with traceability, treatment-emergent AE conventions, baseline derivation, SUPPQUAL/NSV handling, Define-XML 2.1, and Pinnacle 21 / CORE validation. Use when working with clinical trial datasets in CDISC SDTM/ADaM format, preparing analysis-ready data, or validating for regulatory submission.

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Performs ML-based protein-ligand pose prediction and scoring using DiffDock-L (diffusion-based), Boltz-1 / Boltz-2 (foundation model with affinity), Chai-1, AlphaFold3 ligand, EquiBind, TANKBind, NeuralPLexer, and hybrid workflows (DiffDock pose + GNINA rescore + PoseBusters QC). Explicit handling of when ML beats classical docking, when classical beats ML, the PB-invalid pose problem, and rescoring as the standard production hybrid. Use when modern docking is needed: foundation-model ligand-pose prediction, AI rescoring of classical poses, or scaffold-hopping in cross-docking scenarios.

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Analyzes alternative splicing at single-cell resolution. The first decision is library chemistry — 10X 3' is fundamentally limited (RT primes from poly-A, R2 falls in 3' UTR, <0.1 junction read per cell per AS event). Plate-based full-length methods (Smart-seq3, FLASH-seq, VASA-seq, STORM-seq) and single-cell long-read (MAS-Iso-seq, scISOr-Seq2) are the chemistries that give per-cell isoform structure. Tools include MARVEL (R, Smart-seq integrated), BRIE2 (Bayesian PSI with regulatory features and ELBO_gain test), scQuint (junction-cluster, plate-based; not for 10X), SpliZ (annotation-free Z-score), Psix (graph-smoothness regulated AS), and Sierra (alternative polyadenylation, often confused with AS). Use when analyzing isoform usage in scRNA-seq, identifying cell-type-specific splicing, or determining whether scRNA-seq chemistry supports splicing analysis at all.

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集群数据管理 Skill —— 涵盖数据使用规范、压缩优化、数据共享（ACL）、文件扫描与清理、文件完整性校验、genozip 基因组压缩等全流程。Use when the user asks about: managing data on the HPC cluster, compressing genomic files (fq/bam/vcf), sharing data between users/groups, scanning for large files or cleaning up disk space, checking file integrity (md5/gzip/bam), using genozip, checking disk quota, or any data lifecycle management task on the NCPGR HPC cluster.

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Audit required bioinformatics command-line tools against Lmod or Environment Modules on Linux HPC clusters, resolve executable and version requirements, and reproducibly deploy missing software through a site-approved EasyBuild, Spack, Bioconda/micromamba, Apptainer, binary, or source-build workflow. Use when Codex must inspect module availability, diagnose a missing or wrong-version bioinformatics tool, install scientific software on Slurm/PBS clusters, publish or validate modulefiles, or produce an auditable and rollback-ready cluster software deployment.

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Perform pairwise sequence alignment using Biopython Bio.Align.PairwiseAligner. Use when comparing two sequences, finding optimal alignments, scoring similarity, and identifying local or global matches between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences.

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Analyzes differential transcript usage (DTU) and isoform switches with functional consequence prediction (NMD via 50nt rule, ORF disruption, protein domain loss/gain, signal peptide changes, IDR alterations, coding-potential shifts). Tools include IsoformSwitchAnalyzeR v2 (auto-selects satuRn for >5 reps else DEXSeq), the manual DRIMSeq -> DEXSeq/satuRn -> stageR DTU pipeline, and fishpond/swish for inferential-uncertainty-aware DTE. Distinguishes DTU from DGE and DTE; integrates external annotators (CPC2, Pfam, SignalP, IUPred2A or DeepTMHMM). Use when investigating how splicing differences alter protein function or trigger NMD-mediated degradation.

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Quantifies alternative splicing as PSI (percent spliced in) from RNA-seq using rMATS-turbo (BAM-based event), SUPPA2 (TPM-based event), MAJIQ V3 (LSV-based Bayesian), leafcutter (annotation-free intron clusters), VAST-TOOLS (cross-species with microexon support), Shiba (junction-imbalance-corrected, 2025 SOTA at low coverage), or IRFinder-S (intron retention coverage-aware). Distinguishes the five canonical event classes (SE, A5SS, A3SS, MXE, RI), special classes (microexons, exitrons, AFE/ALE), intron retention subtypes (canonical RI vs detained introns), and applies effective-length normalization. Use when measuring splice-site usage or isoform inclusion ratios from short-read RNA-seq.

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Call accessible chromatin regions from ATAC-seq BAM files using MACS3, MACS2, Genrich, or HMMRATAC. Use when identifying open chromatin from aligned ATAC-seq, choosing between point-source vs HMM peak callers, applying ENCODE-style pseudoreplicate IDR, removing blacklist regions, or fixing 501bp consensus peaks for downstream differential analysis.

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