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This skill defines the treatment goals for patients with overt Cushing's syndrome, focusing on normalizing cortisol levels or action to eliminate symptoms and treat comorbidities. Use when a clinician asks about treatment objectives for a newly diagnosed overt Cushing's syndrome patient; triggers include "overt CS," "treatment goals for overt Cushing's," and "normalize cortisol in overt CS."

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This skill recommends educating patients and families about the clinical features of remission in Cushing's syndrome when a patient achieves biochemical remission after treatment. Use when a CS patient has postoperative normal cortisol levels, reports symptom improvement, and requires guidance on long-term expectations and monitoring for recurrence.

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Suggests repeat transsphenoidal surgery for patients with persistent hypercortisolism after initial transsphenoidal surgery when imaging shows evidence of incomplete resection or a pituitary lesion. Clinical triggers include postoperative MRI revealing residual adenoma, persistent elevated UFC or late-night salivary cortisol, and visible pituitary lesion on imaging.

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This skill suggests radiation therapy or radiosurgery for adult patients with Cushing's disease who have failed transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) or have recurrent disease after initial remission. Consider when postoperative urinary free cortisol or late-night salivary cortisol remains elevated, or when clinical recurrence is suspected.

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This skill recommends bilateral adrenalectomy for patients with Cushing's syndrome when bilateral adrenal pathology is confirmed as the source of hypercortisolism. Clinical triggers include bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH), bilateral adrenal adenomas, or bilateral adrenal carcinoma identified by imaging.

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This skill recommends transsphenoidal selective adenomectomy (TSS) by an experienced pituitary surgeon as the optimal treatment for Cushing's disease in pediatric and adult patients. Use when a patient with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome is a surgical candidate; triggers include overt Cushing's syndrome, elevated UFC or late-night salivary cortisol, and pituitary MRI showing an adenoma.

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This skill directs lifelong treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, osteoporosis, and psychiatric symptoms in all patients with Cushing's syndrome until biochemical resolution of hypercortisolism. Use when managing any CS patient for long‑term comorbidity control; triggers include persistent hypertension, dyslipidemia, low bone density, depression, anxiety, or cognitive changes in the setting of known or suspected CS.

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This skill recommends using radiation therapy for corticotroph adenomas in Cushing's disease when imaging shows invasive features or mass‑effect concerns such as cavernous sinus invasion, suprasellar extension, or knobby protrusion. Consider RT when postoperative medical therapy has normalized cortisol but tumor progression or residual invasive disease is suspected.

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This skill recommends discussing and offering age-appropriate vaccinations (influenza, herpes zoster, pneumococcal) to patients with Cushing’s syndrome due to increased infection risk. Use when reviewing preventive care for a CS patient; triggers include discussing preventive care, vaccination status, or infection risk in a CS patient.

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Recommends additional treatments for patients with persistent overt hypercortisolism after initial surgical intervention for Cushing's syndrome. Trigger phrases include "post-op CS patient shows ongoing hypercortisolism," "persistent overt hypercortisolism after TSS," and "elevated UFC or midnight salivary cortisol following surgery."

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Work up Malignancy-Associated Hypercalcemia (MAH) — distinguish humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM, PTHrP-driven), local osteolytic hypercalcemia, 1,25(OH)2D-mediated lymphoma hypercalcemia, ectopic PTH secretion, and multiple myeloma — and pick the right confirmatory tests and therapy direction. Trigger when a clinician asks "is this hypercalcemia from cancer", "PTHrP positive what now", "hypercalcemia in lung cancer / breast cancer / lymphoma / myeloma", "humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy", "MAH workup", or any hypercalcemia case with suppressed PTH and a known or suspected malignancy.

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Work up a patient with confirmed hypercalcemia using the PTH-dependent vs. PTH-independent algorithm — order the right second-tier tests (PTHrP, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, SPEP/UPEP, urinary calcium/creatinine clearance ratio, TSH) to reach a diagnosis. Trigger when a clinician asks "what's causing this hypercalcemia", "how to work up high calcium", "what tests to order for hypercalcemia", "PTH is normal what next", "differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia", or shares a confirmed hypercalcemia and asks for the workup.

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Recommends initial surgical resection of the primary lesion(s) causing Cushing's syndrome when surgery is feasible and likely to significantly reduce glucocorticoid excess. Trigger phrases include overt Cushing's syndrome, ACTH-dependent CS, ectopic ACTH secretion, adrenal adenoma, bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, and persistent hypercortisolism.

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This skill provides a shared decision-making framework for selecting second-line therapies in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome who have persistent hypercortisolism after transsphenoidal surgery or for whom surgery is not feasible. Clinical triggers include "failed TSS", "non-curative pituitary surgery", "persistent UFC elevation post-op", and "surgery contraindicated".

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This skill recommends discontinuing glucocorticoid when the response to HPA axis recovery tests (morning cortisol, ACTH stimulation, or insulin-induced hypoglycemia) is normal, indicating adequate adrenal function recovery. Use in postoperative Cushing’s syndrome patients with at least one intact adrenal gland when test results are available.

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This skill guides evaluation for malignancy using imaging in patients with a history of adrenal adenoma (post‑adrenalectomy Cushing’s syndrome) when the adenoma demonstrates a CT density of ≥10 Hounsfield units or when pathology is consistent with possible carcinoma. Trigger phrases include “CT density ≥10 HU”, “possible carcinoma on pathology”, and “post‑adrenalectomy CS patient with adrenal adenoma history”.

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This skill recommends glucocorticoid replacement and patient education for hypocortisolemic patients after surgical remission of Cushing's syndrome. Use when a postoperative Cushing's patient exhibits low cortisol (e.g., morning cortisol <5 µg/dL) or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency.

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This skill guides postoperative management after Cushing's syndrome surgery by classifying patients into hypocortisolism, hypercortisolism, or eucortisolism based on serum cortisol levels. Use when postoperative cortisol is <5 µg/dL (hypocortisolism), >20 µg/dL (hypercortisolism), or 5-20 µg/dL (eucortisolism) to direct glucocorticoid replacement, further treatment, or monitoring.

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This skill recommends follow-up morning cortisol and/or ACTH stimulation tests or insulin-induced hypoglycemia to assess HPA axis recovery in postoperative Cushing's syndrome patients with at least one intact adrenal gland. Triggers include postoperative remission (morning cortisol <5 µg/dL or UFC <28–56 nmol/d) and the need to evaluate HPA recovery before glucocorticoid discontinuation.

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This skill recommends lifelong follow-up tests for cardiac myxoma and associated disease (testicular tumors, acromegaly, thyroid lesions) in patients with Carney complex. Use when managing a Cushing’s syndrome patient with a confirmed or suspected Carney complex diagnosis (e.g., spotty skin lentigines, cardiac myxoma, endocrine tumors).

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This skill recommends localizing and resecting ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors with node dissection when ectopic ACTH secretion is suspected or confirmed. Clinical triggers include unexplained persistent hypercortisolism after pituitary surgery, elevated ACTH with negative pituitary MRI, or identification of occult ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) on biochemical testing.

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This skill recommends measuring late-night salivary or serum cortisol to screen for Cushing's disease recurrence in patients with eucortisolism after transsphenoidal surgery, including cases where eucortisolism was established by medical treatment prior to surgery. Use when postoperative follow-up shows eucortisolism (normal morning cortisol/UFC) but concern for recurrence exists.

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This skill suggests administering a glucocorticoid antagonist (e.g., mifepristone) in patients with Cushing's disease who have diabetes or glucose intolerance and are not surgical candidates or have persistent disease after transsphenoidal surgery. Consider when encountering persistent hypercortisolism after TSS, contraindications to surgery, or comorbid diabetes/glucose intolerance requiring medical control.

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Determines the appropriate zoledronic acid dose (3‑4 mg IV) and infusion duration based on renal function. Triggered when a clinician prepares to prescribe zoledronic acid for hypercalcemia of malignancy and asks about renal‑adjusted administration.

日本語の概要は準備中です。原文の説明を表示しています。