「observational」の検索結果

This skill covers formal identification arguments and proofs in structural and reduced-form econometrics. Use when the user needs to prove or formalize that a parameter is identified — including writing identification propositions, stating regularity conditions, deriving rank conditions, or showing observational equivalence fails. Triggers on "identification proof", "identification argument", "identify the parameter", "show identification", "identification condition", "exclusion restriction proof", "rank condition", "order condition", "identification strategy formal", "nonparametric identification", "parametric identification", "local identification", "global identification", "observational equivalence", "identification at infinity", "completeness condition", "regularity conditions", "Rothenberg", "proof of identification", "identification result", "identified parameter", "point identified", "set identified", "partial identification".

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Observational drawing and visual perception techniques for art education. Covers contour drawing, gesture drawing, negative space, proportion and measurement, value mapping, spatial depth cues, and the cognitive shift from symbolic to perceptual seeing. Use when teaching drawing fundamentals, analyzing observational accuracy, or developing visual literacy in any medium.

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Turn uploaded photos into full-canvas 3:4 observational pen-and-wash posters. Use for minimal sketchbook studies, airy pen wash, rhythmic linework, or when this skill is invoked.

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通过 ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 实时检索官方临床试验注册数据。触发词包括 ClinicalTrials.gov、临床试验、NCT、试验注册、招募状态、phase 1/2/3、RCT lookup、interventional trial、observational study。专注实时单次查询(≤1000 条/请求),适合"某试验最新状态/招募信息/主次要终点"场景。批量历史分析请用 aact-bulk-trials,文献检索用 pubmed-search/europepmc。

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Self-tuning question sensitivity + developer psychographic for gstack (v1: observational). (gstack)

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World-class senior data scientist skill specialising in statistical modeling, experiment design, causal inference, and predictive analytics. Covers A/B testing (sample sizing, two-proportion z-tests, Bonferroni correction), difference-in-differences, feature engineering pipelines (Scikit-learn, XGBoost), cross-validated model evaluation (AUC-ROC, AUC-PR, SHAP), and MLflow experiment tracking — using Python (NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-learn), R, and SQL. Use when designing or analysing controlled experiments, building and evaluating classification or regression models, performing causal analysis on observational data, engineering features for structured tabular datasets, or translating statistical findings into data-driven business decisions.

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This skill covers causal inference methods in observational and quasi-experimental settings. Use when the user is implementing, choosing between, or debugging causal identification strategies — including instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity, synthetic control, or matching estimators. Triggers on "causal effect", "identification strategy", "instrumental variable", "2SLS", "GMM", "difference-in-differences", "DiD", "staggered treatment", "regression discontinuity", "RDD", "synthetic control", "matching", "propensity score", "IPW", "AIPW", "doubly robust", "LATE", "ATT", "ATE", "parallel trends", "exclusion restriction", "first stage", "weak instruments", or "endogeneity".

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Causal inference framework for answering "does X cause Y?" beyond correlation. DoWhy (Microsoft Research) provides the identify-estimate-refute loop: define a causal graph (DAG), identify the causal effect using backdoor/frontdoor/instrumental variable criteria, estimate treatment effects with multiple estimators, and validate results with automated refutation tests. Use when: distinguishing causation from correlation, estimating treatment effects (ATE, ATT, CATE), designing and analyzing A/B tests with confounders, using instrumental variables, performing counterfactual reasoning ("what would have happened if..."), validating causal claims with sensitivity analysis, working with observational data where randomization is impossible, or any analysis where the question is "what is the CAUSAL effect of X on Y" rather than just "how do X and Y relate?"

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Performs epidemiological analyses including disease modeling (SIR/SEIR), outbreak investigation, risk factor identification, incidence/prevalence estimation, and causal inference from observational data; trigger when users discuss disease spread, public health data, or populat...

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Designs a structured real-world evidence study using EHR, claims, or registry data, with explicit handling of time zero, eligibility windows, exposure definitions, outcome windows, censoring, confounding control, and target-trial-emulation logic. Use this skill when the user needs study-type design and protocol framing for an observational clinical study based on routine-care data. Do not invent database fields, follow-up completeness, linkage, coding validity, or causal identifiability.

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Plans confounder control, variable adjustment logic, and bias mitigation strategies at the protocol stage for clinical, epidemiologic, translational, observational, and biomarker studies. Always use this skill when a user needs to identify major confounders, decide which variables should or should not be adjusted for, compare matching/stratification/weighting approaches, anticipate selection or measurement bias, or pressure-test a study design before execution. Focus on bias sensing, causal structure awareness, variable-role classification, and critical design review rather than generic statistical advice.

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Use when targeting Journal of Hydrology or deciding whether a hydrology manuscript fits this venue. Encodes the journal's fit, the broad process/observational/applied-hydrology contribution bar, data-and-reproducibility expectations, Elsevier house style, official-submission re-check, and desk-reject heuristics.

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Use when deciding which English agriculture / environment / earth-science journal skill to invoke next, comparing fit across the 30-journal agriculture-and-environment roadmap, or routing a manuscript before venue-specific re-framing. Routes by sub-field (agronomy / plant / soil / food / environment / earth / climate), contribution type, and evidence shape (field trial / lab assay / observational survey / model / dataset).

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Structures biological experiments so inference is valid by construction, covering Fisher's principles (randomization, replication, local control), the experimental-vs-observational unit distinction and pseudoreplication (Hurlbert 1984; Lazic 2018), randomization mechanics (complete, restricted, stratified, rerandomization, run-order), blocking layouts (randomized complete block, Latin square, incomplete block), factorial designs and interactions, and the split-plot/nested error strata hidden inside multi-batch genomics. Use when deciding the experimental unit and what counts as a replicate, planning randomization and run order, choosing a blocked/factorial/split-plot/nested layout, avoiding pseudoreplication in cell-culture or animal studies, or specifying the random-effects structure of the analysis model. For assigning samples to sequencing batches/lanes/plates and batch-effect correction see experimental-design/batch-design; for regulated clinical-trial randomization see clinical-biostatistics.

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Automated hypothesis generation and testing using large language models. Use this skill when generating scientific hypotheses from datasets, combining literature insights with empirical data, testing hypotheses against observational data, or conducting systematic hypothesis exploration for research discovery in domains like deception detection, AI content detection, mental health analysis, or other empirical research tasks.

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Applies Judea Pearl's causal reasoning frameworks to distinguish correlation from causation, evaluate AI capabilities, and make counterfactual decisions. Reach for this skill whenever Claude encounters questions about causal inference, structural causal models, the limitations of deep learning, AGI, experimental design, covariate selection, or personalized decision-making. Trigger this skill for topics involving Bayesian networks, the do-calculus, the Ladder of Causation, or when a user tries to answer 'what if' or 'why' questions using purely observational data. Pearl's principles are essential for moving beyond probability calculus into true causal understanding.

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Think and work like an expert Geotechnical Engineer. Use when a task calls for Geotechnical Engineer judgment. Reasons from effective stress and LRFD/EC7 limit states through GDR/GBR/FDR deliverables, shallow and deep foundations (GEC 6/10/12), excavation support (DeepEX, LPILE), ground improvement, ASCE 7 liquefaction, observational-method triggers, and FHWA pile acceptance while treating DSC claims, setup vs. blow count, and GBR-vs-design conflation as first-class failure modes.

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Think and work like an expert Clinical Epidemiologist. Use when a task calls for Clinical Epidemiologist judgment. Clinical epidemiology expert for causal study design, observational bias control, GRADE/EBM synthesis, and principled reporting (CONSORT/STROBE/PRISMA).

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Think and work like an expert Astrophysicist. Use when a task calls for Astrophysicist judgment. Reasons like a senior astrophysicist across observational, computational, and multi-messenger work — from radiative transfer and error budgets through JWST/ALMA/Rubin/LIGO pipelines, VO archives, and calibrated detection vs upper-limit reporting.

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Think and work like an expert Astronomer. Use when a task calls for Astronomer judgment. Reasons like a senior observational astronomer from the telescope and catalog outward — Landolt/Stetson photometry, Gaia/MPC astrometry, Horizons ephemerides, SDSS–ZTF–Rubin survey discipline, TOPCAT cross-matches, and calibrated detection vs upper-limit reporting.

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Use this skill whenever you are reasoning about nutritional epidemiology, dietary guidelines, chronic disease prevention, or public health policy. It channels the thinking of Meir J. Stampfer, epidemiologist and nutrition expert at Harvard University. Trigger this skill when evaluating lifestyle factors, comparing observational data versus randomized controlled trials (RCTs), analyzing macronutrient substitutions, or assessing long-term health outcomes. Stampfer's approach is essential when users ask about "good" vs. "bad" foods, seek longevity advice, or need to interpret complex, population-level dietary data without falling for the "magic bullet" fallacy.

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This skill applies the analytical frameworks of Ronald C. Kessler, psychiatric epidemiologist at Harvard University, to problems in precision psychiatry, clinical trial design, and healthcare machine learning. Use this skill whenever you are designing clinical trials, evaluating mental health interventions, analyzing epidemiological survey data, or building clinical decision support algorithms. It is highly relevant when the user asks about sample sizes, treatment matching, patient attrition, suicide prevention, or predictive modeling in healthcare. Trigger this skill to prioritize massive observational data, tiered predictive models, and human-in-the-loop AI over underpowered randomized trials and expensive, unscalable biomarkers.

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Applies Judea Pearl's causal reasoning frameworks to distinguish correlation from causation, evaluate AI capabilities, and make counterfactual decisions. Reach for this skill whenever Claude encounters questions about causal inference, structural causal models, the limitations of deep learning, AGI, experimental design, covariate selection, or personalized decision-making. Trigger this skill for topics involving Bayesian networks, the do-calculus, the Ladder of Causation, or when a user tries to answer 'what if' or 'why' questions using purely observational data. Pearl's principles are essential for moving beyond probability calculus into true causal understanding.

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Use this skill to apply the rigorous epidemiological reasoning of Julie E. Buring (epidemiologist and women's health trialist) to study design, clinical trial critiques, cardiovascular risk assessment, and evidence-based integrative medicine. Trigger this skill whenever you are evaluating medical literature, designing cohort studies or RCTs, assessing conflicting research findings, or analyzing cardiovascular risk factors (especially in women). Reach for this when users ask about the validity of supplements, the discrepancy between observational and randomized data, or how to future-proof a clinical registry.

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