「robustness」の検索結果

Use when extensions, edge cases, or applied robustness checks are missing for an American Economic Journal: Microeconomics (AEJ: Micro) manuscript — covering theory extensions (relaxed assumptions, alternative concepts, perturbations) and applied/experimental robustness. Decides which extensions earn their place; it does not prove the main result (see aejmic-theory-model).

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Identify poisoned training data and backdoored ML models across the pipeline using IBM's Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (activation clustering, spectral signatures, trigger reconstruction), Cleanlab for label-quality issues, and supply-chain checks like weight-hash verification and safetensors enforcement. Use before training or deploying on third-party/user-contributed data or downloaded checkpoints, during ML supply-chain reviews, or when investigating model misbehavior tied to specific inputs (suspected backdoor trigger).

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Deeply analyze any empirical economics PDF using the five-question framework (五问框架): research question, identification strategy, core estimand, robustness logic, and scholarly contribution. Converts the PDF to Markdown, dispatches 5 parallel sub-agents (one per question), then compiles a 2000–3000 Chinese-character report with a transferable methodology checklist. Optimized for empirical economics papers in top journals (AER, QJE, JPE, RFS, RoF, JFE, etc.). Use this skill whenever the user wants to: - systematically analyze an empirical economics paper - apply the 五问框架 (five-question framework) to a paper - extract transferable research design elements from a top-journal paper - understand a paper's identification strategy, estimand, or robustness logic - run /five-questions, /five-q, or /paper-five-q-analysis - "帮我做五问分析", "用五问框架分析这篇论文", "analyze this paper with the five-question framework"

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Checklist of empirical robustness tests for finance/economics papers

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Classical end-to-end empirical analysis workflow in the modern tidyverse + econometrics R ecosystem — dplyr + tidyr + haven + fixest + sandwich + lmtest + clubSandwich + AER + ivreg + did + bacondecomp + HonestDiD + eventstudyr + rdrobust + rddensity + Synth + gsynth + synthdid + MatchIt + WeightIt + cobalt + ebal + grf + DoubleML + mediation + marginaleffects + modelsummary + kableExtra + gt + ggplot2 + ggpubr + cowplot + binsreg. **Defaults to economics empirical-paper style** (AER / QJE / AEJ) — every run produces a publication-ready output set with a multi-column regression table (M1→M6 progressive controls/FE) as the centerpiece, plus Table 1 (descriptives), mechanism / heterogeneity / robustness tables, and event-study + coefficient + trend figures. Covers the full 8-step R pipeline an applied economist runs on every paper — (1) data import & cleaning (read_dta/read_csv, naniar, janitor, validate-merges), (2) variable construction (mutate/across/winsorize/group_by + lag/lead with dplyr), (3) descriptive statistics & Table 1 (gtsummary, modelsummary::datasummary, tableone), (4) classical diagnostic tests (shapiro/jarque.bera.test/bptest/dwtest/bgtest/vif/adf.test/kpss.test/Hausman), (5) baseline modeling (fixest::feols, ivreg, did::att_gt, eventstudyr, sun_ab, did_imputation, synthdid, rdrobust, MatchIt, WeightIt, grf::causal_forest, DoubleML, mediation), (6) robustness battery (modelsummary stack, clubSandwich CRSE, fwildclusterboot, ri2, robomit Oster, bacondecomp, HonestDiD), (7) further analysis (interactions + marginaleffects, mediation::mediate, gsem via lavaan, dose-response splines, grf CATE), (8) publication-ready tables & figures (modelsummary, kableExtra, gt, stargazer, texreg, flextable to LaTeX/Word/HTML; ggplot2 + ggpubr + cowplot + binsreg + iplot for figures). **Also covers two parallel domain modes that share the same 8-step scaffolding** — **Mode A — Epidemiology / public health** (target-trial emulation, IPTW + g-formula + TMLE doubly-robust triplet via `WeightIt` / `gfoRmula` / `tmle` / `ltmle`, Mendelian randomization via `MendelianRandomization` / `TwoSampleMR` / `MRPRESSO`, KM / Cox / AFT / RMST survival via `survival` / `survminer` / `flexsurv`, E-value sensitivity via `EValue`, principal stratification — STROBE / TRIPOD reporting), and **Mode B — ML causal inference** (DML via `DoubleML`, S/T/X/R/DR meta-learners via `causalweight` / `grf`, causal forest via `grf::causal_forest`, BART/BCF via `bartCause` / `bcf`, matrix completion via `MCPanel`, CATE distribution + policy tree via `policytree`, off-policy evaluation, conformal causal via `conformalInference` / `cfcausal`, fairness audit via `fairmodels`, DAG learning via `pcalg` / `bnlearn` / LLM-assisted). Use when the user asks for a complete R empirical analysis, wants a tidyverse-style reproducible R script / Quarto workflow, prefers fixest over reghdfe, needs the R counterpart to StatsPAI / 00.1 / 00.2, or names a specific R step in isolation ("feols with cluster", "MatchIt nearest neighbor", "bacondecomp in R", "gtsummary table 1", "modelsummary to Word"). Mode A triggers on "target trial emulation R", "tmle ltmle", "MendelianRandomization", "TwoSampleMR", "MRPRESSO", "survival cox AFT", "STROBE R", "EValue R", "公共健康 R", "流行病学 R". Mode B triggers on "DoubleML R", "grf causal forest", "policytree", "bartCause bcf", "conformal causal R", "fairmodels", "pcalg NOTEARS", "因果机器学习 R".

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Classical end-to-end empirical analysis workflow in the traditional Python econometric stack — pandas + numpy + scipy + statsmodels + linearmodels + pyfixest + rdrobust + econml + causalml + matplotlib/seaborn. **Defaults to economics empirical-paper style** (AER / QJE / AEJ) — every run produces a publication-ready output set with a multi-column regression table (M1→M6 progressive controls/FE) as the centerpiece, plus Table 1 (descriptives), mechanism / heterogeneity / robustness tables, and event-study + coefficient + trend figures. Covers the full 8-step pipeline an applied economist or quantitative social scientist runs on every paper — (1) data cleaning, (2) variable construction & transformation, (3) descriptive statistics & Table 1, (4) statistical diagnostic tests, (5) baseline empirical modeling, (6) robustness battery, (7) further analysis (mechanism, heterogeneity, mediation, moderation), (8) publication-ready tables & figures. **Also covers two parallel domain modes that share the same 8-step scaffolding** — **Mode A — Epidemiology / public health** (target-trial emulation via `zepid` / hand-rolled `pandas`, IPTW + g-formula + TMLE doubly-robust triplet via `zepid` / `econml` / `lifelines`, Mendelian randomization via `pymr` / `mrtool` (or `rpy2` → `MendelianRandomization`/`TwoSampleMR`), KM / AFT / Cox survival via `lifelines`, E-value sensitivity, principal stratification — STROBE / TRIPOD reporting), and **Mode B — ML causal inference** (DML via `econml.dml` / `doubleml`, S/T/X/R/DR meta-learners via `econml.metalearners` / `causalml`, causal forest via `econml.grf` / `causalml`, Dragonnet / TARNet / CEVAE neural causal via `causalml`, BCF via `pymc-bart` / `bcf-py`, matrix completion, CATE distribution + policy tree via `econml.policy` / `policytree-py`, off-policy evaluation, conformal causal via `mapie`, fairness audit via `fairlearn`, DAG learning via `causal-learn` / `cdt` / LLM-assisted). Prescribes which library to reach for at each step, shows the canonical code, and links to deeper `references/` files for variant-specific patterns. Use when the user asks for a **complete empirical analysis** in Python, wants to replicate an applied-economics paper from scratch, needs a reproducible workflow that is NOT opinionated on any single vertical package (contrast with StatsPAI), wants explicit control over every estimator and diagnostic, or asks "how do I write a full empirical pipeline in Python?". Also triggers when the user names a specific classical step in isolation — "winsorize at 1/99%", "run Breusch-Pagan", "build a Table 1 balance table", "do a placebo test", "event study plot", "mediation analysis" — and wants it wired into the broader pipeline. Mode A triggers on "target trial emulation", "IPTW", "TMLE", "Mendelian randomization", "STROBE", "公共健康", "流行病学". Mode B triggers on "DML", "double machine learning", "causal forest", "meta-learner", "Dragonnet", "BCF", "policy tree", "conformal causal", "fairness audit", "因果机器学习".

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Classical end-to-end empirical analysis workflow in the traditional Stata ecosystem — native Stata + reghdfe + ivreg2 + csdid + did_imputation + eventstudyinteract + sdid + rdrobust + rddensity + synth + synth_runner + psmatch2 + teffects + ebalance + coefplot + esttab + asdoc + binscatter. **Defaults to economics empirical-paper style** (AER / QJE / AEJ) — every run produces a publication-ready output set with a multi-column regression table (M1→M6 progressive controls/FE) as the centerpiece, plus Table 1 (descriptives), mechanism / heterogeneity / robustness tables, and event-study + coefficient + trend figures. Covers the full 8-step Stata pipeline an applied economist runs on every paper — (1) data import & cleaning (use/import, destring, misstable, duplicates, merge assert), (2) variable construction (gen/egen/winsor2/xtile/xtset with L./F./D.), (3) descriptive statistics & Table 1 (tabstat/balancetable/asdoc), (4) classical diagnostic tests (sktest/swilk/hettest/imtest/xtserial/xttest3/vif/dfuller/kpss/hausman/estat overid), (5) baseline modeling (reg/xtreg/reghdfe/ivreg2/ivregress/csdid/did_imputation/eventstudyinteract/sdid/rdrobust/synth/psmatch2/teffects/heckman/qreg/ppmlhdfe), (6) robustness battery (bacondecomp/honestdid/rwolf/ritest/wildbootstrap/oster), (7) further analysis (subgroup/triple-diff/interactions/medsem/marginsplot/binscatter by group), (8) publication-ready tables & figures (esttab/outreg2/estout/coefplot/marginsplot/rdplot/twoway combined). **Also covers two parallel domain modes that share the same 8-step scaffolding** — **Mode A — Epidemiology / public health** (target-trial emulation, IPTW + g-formula + TMLE doubly-robust triplet via `teffects ipw` / `teffects ipwra` / `teffects aipw` / `eltmle`, Mendelian randomization via `mrrobust` (IVW / Egger / weighted median) and `mregger` / `mrpresso`, KM / Cox / AFT / RMST survival via `sts` / `stcox` / `streg` / `strmst2`, E-value sensitivity via `evalue` (Linden-Mathur), principal stratification — STROBE / TRIPOD reporting), and **Mode B — ML causal inference** (DML via `ddml` / `pdslasso`, S/T/X/R/DR meta-learners via `crforest` and `ddml interactive`, causal forest via `crforest` / `cforest`, BART/BCF via `bart` / `bartCause`-style externals, CATE distribution + policy tree via `crforest`, off-policy evaluation, conformal causal externals, fairness audit, DAG learning via `pcalg` / external Python callouts). Use when the user asks for a complete Stata empirical analysis, wants a reproducible .do-file pipeline, needs a Stata counterpart to the Python StatsPAI / Full-empirical-analysis-skill, or names a specific Stata step in isolation ("run reghdfe with two-way clustering", "csdid event study", "winsor2 at 1%", "esttab to LaTeX", "coefplot with CI", "ivreg2 weak-IV test", "synth_runner placebos", "teffects psmatch balance check"). Mode A triggers on "target trial emulation Stata", "teffects ipw aipw", "eltmle", "mrrobust", "mregger weighted median", "stcox AFT survival", "strmst2", "evalue Stata", "STROBE Stata", "公共健康 Stata", "流行病学 Stata". Mode B triggers on "ddml Stata", "pdslasso", "crforest causal forest Stata", "policy tree Stata", "因果机器学习 Stata".

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Expert guidance for systematic backtesting of trading strategies. Use when developing, testing, stress-testing, or validating quantitative trading strategies. Covers "beating ideas to death" methodology, parameter robustness testing, slippage modeling, bias prevention, and interpreting backtest results. Applicable when user asks about backtesting, strategy validation, robustness testing, avoiding overfitting, or systematic trading development.

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Use when deciding which robustness checks belong in the few in-text words of an American Economic Review: Insights (AER: Insights) short-format manuscript versus the online Supplemental Appendix. Triages checks against the length cap; it does not design the identification (see aeri-identification).

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Use when the headline result of an American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics (AEJ: Macro) manuscript must be shown stable across specification, sample, identification, and tuning choices. Builds the robustness program a macro referee will demand; it does not establish the primary identification or model (use aejmac-identification / aejmac-theory-model first).

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Use when an AEJ: Economic Policy manuscript's headline policy estimate needs to be shown stable and credible against specification, sample, inference, and identification threats. Organizes the robustness program by threat-to-the-policy-conclusion; it does not design the primary identification or write exhibits.

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Use when an American Economic Journal: Applied Economics (AEJ: Applied) manuscript's headline estimate must be shown to survive specification, sample, and inference choices before submission or in an R&R. Builds the robustness suite a sophisticated referee expects; it does not establish the primary identification (aeja-identification) or format the exhibits (aeja-tables-figures).

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Use when building the robustness section for a 《会计研究》 (Accounting Research) manuscript — replacing accounting measures with alternatives, adding governance / institutional controls, placebo tests, and endogeneity follow-ups — so the main result survives an accounting referee's scrutiny. Use after mechanism is settled.

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Add, configure, and manage faults on Simulink, Simscape, and System Composer model signals for robustness analysis and safety validation. Use when injecting faults (stuck, noise, gain, offset) onto block inports/outports, enabling fault simulation, or analyzing fault effects. Covers sensor failures, signal corruptions, actuator faults, FMEA validation, and robustness testing. Requires Simulink Fault Analyzer.

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Design and run risk-targeted robustness, sensitivity, error, and baseline checks for an approved mathematical model, emitting compact machine evidence in lean mode and a final report in submission mode.

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Use Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) for estimator wrappers, adversarial attacks, defences, poisoning/privacy/extraction, metrics, and certification workflows.

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Expert guidance for systematic backtesting of trading strategies. Use when developing, testing, stress-testing, or validating quantitative trading strategies. Covers "beating ideas to death" methodology, parameter robustness testing, slippage modeling, bias prevention, and interpreting backtest results. Applicable when user asks about backtesting, strategy validation, robustness testing, avoiding overfitting, or systematic trading development.

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Use this skill when reasoning about generative AI, adversarial machine learning, neural network security, algorithmic fairness, or deep learning fundamentals. This skill channels the thinking of Ian Goodfellow, inventor of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Trigger this skill when the user asks about model robustness, mitigating bias, evaluating AI guardrails, designing generative models, or defending against adversarial attacks. Apply his frameworks of minimax games, adversarial feature learning, and worst-case robustness analysis to shift the user's perspective from average-case optimization to adversarial resilience.

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Use this skill when reasoning about generative AI, adversarial machine learning, neural network security, algorithmic fairness, or deep learning fundamentals. This skill channels the thinking of Ian Goodfellow, inventor of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Trigger this skill when the user asks about model robustness, mitigating bias, evaluating AI guardrails, designing generative models, or defending against adversarial attacks. Apply his frameworks of minimax games, adversarial feature learning, and worst-case robustness analysis to shift the user's perspective from average-case optimization to adversarial resilience.

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Plans, executes, and documents validation, verification, and transfer of analytical procedures under the governing framework - ICH Q2(R2) and Q14, USP <1220>/<1225>/<1226>, ICH M10 bioanalytical, CLSI EP, or ISO/IEC 17025. Use for HPLC, LC-MS/MS, GC, CE, ICP-MS, dissolution, qNMR, qPCR, NIR, and ligand binding or cell-based assays whenever the question is whether a procedure is fit for its intended purpose. Triggers include "method validation", "analytical method validation", "AMV", "validation protocol", "acceptance criteria", "linearity", "reportable range", "accuracy and precision", "repeatability", "intermediate precision", "recovery", "LOD", "LOQ", "detection limit", "quantitation limit", "specificity", "robustness", "method transfer", "method comparison", "Deming", "Passing-Bablok", "Bland-Altman", "equivalence testing", "OOS investigation", "ICH Q2", "Q2(R2)", "Q14", "USP 1225", "ICH M10", "incurred sample reanalysis", "ISR", "CLSI EP", and any request to show that an assay works.

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Use when assessing AI/ML systems for prompt injection, jailbreak vulnerabilities, model inversion risk, data poisoning exposure, or agent tool abuse. Covers MITRE ATLAS technique mapping, injection signature detection, and adversarial robustness scoring.

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Design or review identification strategy for the sewage-house-prices project. Produces strategy memos with estimand, assumptions, pseudo-code, robustness plan, falsification tests, and referee objection anticipation. This skill should be used when asked to "design the strategy", "identify the effect", "write a strategy memo", or "think through identification".

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E1-Quantitative Analysis Guide with Code Generation & Sensitivity Analysis VS-Enhanced with Full 5-Phase process: Avoids obvious analyses, explores innovative methodologies Expanded to include qualitative analysis (thematic, grounded theory, content, narrative) Absorbed E4 (Analysis Code Generator) and E5 (Sensitivity Analysis - Primary Study) capabilities Use when: selecting statistical/qualitative methods, interpreting results, checking assumptions, generating code, sensitivity analysis Triggers: statistical analysis, ANOVA, regression, t-test, power analysis, assumption checking, effect size, thematic analysis, grounded theory, content analysis, narrative analysis, NVivo, ATLAS.ti, coding, qualitative data, R code, Python code, SPSS syntax, sensitivity analysis, robustness check

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Writes expert academic paper summaries for social science research, particularly political science and applied statistics. Use when asked to summarize, review, or create a reading summary of an academic paper, PDF, or research article. Accepts a file (PDF or text format) or a directory of papers. Produces a structured markdown summary — approximately 400–600 words — covering primary contributions, major questions and answers with point estimates, methods and data, and limitations and robustness. Includes BibTeX citation retrieved from Google Scholar and keyword metadata.

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