Unistyles 3.0 Patterns

Quick Guide: Unistyles 3.0 is a StyleSheet superset powered by Nitro Modules (C++/JSI). Import StyleSheet from react-native-unistyles instead of react-native -- same API, but with themes, breakpoints, variants, dynamic functions, and runtime values. Zero re-renders: styles update via the Shadow Tree, not React state. Configure with StyleSheet.configure() before any StyleSheet.create(). Never spread styles ({...a, ...b}) -- use array syntax ([a, b]). Requires New Architecture (RN 0.78+).

---

<critical_requirements>

CRITICAL: Before Using This Skill

All code must follow project conventions in CLAUDE.md (kebab-case, named exports, import ordering, import type, named constants)

(You MUST import StyleSheet from react-native-unistyles, NOT from react-native -- the Unistyles version is a superset that enables all features)

(You MUST call StyleSheet.configure() BEFORE any StyleSheet.create() -- configure in your entry file before importing components)

(You MUST use array syntax [styles.a, styles.b] for merging styles -- NEVER spread {...styles.a, ...styles.b} as it destroys C++ state)

(You MUST NOT use useUnistyles hook in regular components -- it forces full re-renders, defeating Unistyles' zero-render architecture)

(You MUST pass only serializable arguments to dynamic functions -- strings, numbers, booleans, arrays, objects (no functions or components))

</critical_requirements>

---

Auto-detection: Unistyles, react-native-unistyles, StyleSheet.configure, UnistylesRuntime, UnistylesThemes, UnistylesBreakpoints, useVariants, compoundVariants, ScopedTheme, withUnistyles, useUnistyles, miniRuntime, rt.insets, rt.screen, mq.only, Display, Hide

When to use:

• Styling React Native apps that need dynamic theming (light/dark or custom themes)
• Building responsive layouts with breakpoints and media queries across mobile and web
• Creating reusable component variants (size, color, state) without conditional logic
• Accessing runtime device values (insets, screen size, font scale) inside stylesheets
• Migrating from Unistyles 2.x to 3.0

When NOT to use:

• Apps that cannot use the New Architecture (requires RN 0.78+, Fabric)
• Expo Go apps (requires development builds with native modules)
• Minimal apps with no theme switching or responsive needs (plain StyleSheet suffices)
• Apps using a utility-class approach (consider a utility-class styling solution instead)

Key patterns covered:

• StyleSheet.configure: themes, breakpoints, settings registration
• StyleSheet.create with theme and miniRuntime (rt) access
• Variants and compound variants for reusable component styles
• Dynamic functions with serializable parameters
• Breakpoints, media queries, and Display/Hide components
• Runtime values: insets, screen dimensions, font scale, color scheme
• Scoped themes and adaptive themes
• withUnistyles for third-party component integration
• Style merging with array syntax (never spread)

Detailed Resources:

• examples/core.md - StyleSheet setup, theme access, dynamic functions, style merging
• examples/theming.md - Theme configuration, adaptive themes, scoped themes, runtime switching
• examples/responsive.md - Breakpoints, media queries, Display/Hide, runtime values
• examples/variants.md - Variants, compound variants, boolean variants, component props pattern
• reference.md - API quick reference, decision frameworks, v2-to-v3 migration

---

<philosophy>

Philosophy

Unistyles 3.0 is a StyleSheet superset -- if you know React Native's StyleSheet.create, you know 80% of Unistyles. The remaining 20% is what makes it powerful: themes, responsive breakpoints, variants, and runtime values, all managed in C++ via JSI with zero React re-renders.

How it works:

1. Babel plugin analyzes StyleSheets at build time, detecting dependencies (theme, runtime, breakpoints)
2. C++ core reconstructs StyleSheets natively and tracks which styles depend on what
3. Shadow Tree updates bypass React entirely -- when a theme changes or the device rotates, only the affected ShadowNodes update their styles directly

Core principles:

1. Zero re-renders -- No hooks, no context, no state updates for style changes. The C++ core updates the Shadow Tree directly.
2. StyleSheet superset -- Same API as React Native's StyleSheet. Replace the import, keep your code.
3. Type-safe themes -- TypeScript declarations ensure full autocompletion for theme properties.
4. Selective recalculation -- Only styles that depend on a changed value (theme, breakpoint, inset) are recalculated.
5. Cross-platform -- Same styles work on iOS, Android, and web (with automatic CSS class generation for web).

When Unistyles adds value over plain StyleSheet:

• Multiple themes (dark/light/custom) with instant switching
• Responsive layouts that adapt to screen size, orientation, or device type
• Component variants (primary/secondary, small/large) without conditional style logic
• Runtime-dependent styles (safe area insets, font scale, keyboard height)

</philosophy>

---

<patterns>

Core Patterns

Pattern 1: StyleSheet.create with Theme and Runtime

Replace react-native import with react-native-unistyles. The create function accepts a callback with theme and rt (miniRuntime) for dynamic styles. Static styles (no theme/runtime) work identically to plain StyleSheet.

import { StyleSheet } from "react-native-unistyles";

const styles = StyleSheet.create((theme, rt) => ({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    backgroundColor: theme.colors.background,
    paddingTop: rt.insets.top,
  },
  text: {
    color: theme.colors.typography,
    fontSize: rt.fontScale * 16,
  },
  // Static styles work exactly like plain StyleSheet
  separator: {
    height: StyleSheet.hairlineWidth,
    backgroundColor: "#ccc",
  },
}));

Why good: theme and rt are injected by the C++ core -- no hooks needed, no re-renders when theme or device values change

See examples/core.md for static vs themed vs runtime StyleSheets and the full miniRuntime property list.

---

Pattern 2: Variants and Compound Variants

Define style variations inside variants -- then select them with styles.useVariants(). Compound variants apply styles when multiple variant conditions are met simultaneously.

const styles = StyleSheet.create((theme) => ({
  button: {
    paddingHorizontal: 16,
    paddingVertical: 8,
    borderRadius: 8,
    variants: {
      color: {
        primary: { backgroundColor: theme.colors.primary },
        secondary: { backgroundColor: theme.colors.secondary },
      },
      size: {
        sm: { paddingHorizontal: 8, paddingVertical: 4 },
        lg: { paddingHorizontal: 24, paddingVertical: 12 },
      },
    },
    compoundVariants: [
      {
        color: "primary",
        size: "lg",
        styles: { borderWidth: 2, borderColor: theme.colors.accent },
      },
    ],
  },
}));

// In component -- call useVariants to select active variants
styles.useVariants({ color: "primary", size: "lg" });

Why good: eliminates conditional style objects, compound variants reduce complex if/else chains, TypeScript infers valid variant combinations

See examples/variants.md for boolean variants, default variants, the component props pattern with UnistylesVariants, and multi-style variants.

---

Pattern 3: Dynamic Functions

When styles depend on component-level values (not just theme/runtime), use dynamic functions. Arguments must be serializable (strings, numbers, booleans, arrays, objects).

const styles = StyleSheet.create((theme) => ({
  card: (isHighlighted: boolean, index: number) => ({
    backgroundColor: isHighlighted
      ? theme.colors.highlight
      : theme.colors.surface,
    opacity: index === 0 ? 1 : 0.8,
  }),
}));

// In JSX -- call the function with arguments
<View style={styles.card(isHighlighted, index)} />

Why good: serializable arguments pass to C++ for native recalculation, full TypeScript inference on parameters

See examples/core.md for dynamic function patterns and the serializable constraint.

---

Pattern 4: Breakpoints and Media Queries

Define breakpoints in StyleSheet.configure, then use breakpoint objects or the mq utility in styles. At least one breakpoint must start at 0.

// In style definitions -- breakpoint object syntax
const styles = StyleSheet.create((theme) => ({
  container: {
    flexDirection: {
      xs: "column",
      md: "row",
    },
    padding: {
      xs: 8,
      sm: 16,
      lg: 24,
    },
  },
}));

// Media query syntax for precise ranges
import { mq } from "react-native-unistyles";

const styles = StyleSheet.create(() => ({
  sidebar: {
    display: {
      [mq.only.width(0, 768)]: "none",
      [mq.only.width(768)]: "flex",
    },
  },
}));

Why good: breakpoints cascade like CSS (xs applies until sm overrides), mq provides precise range control, web automatically generates CSS media queries

See examples/responsive.md for Display/Hide components, landscape/portrait breakpoints, and mixing breakpoints with mq.

---

Pattern 5: Style Merging (Array Syntax)

Never spread Unistyles objects. Spreading destroys the C++ state that tracks dependencies. Use React Native's array syntax for merging.

// CORRECT -- array syntax preserves C++ state
<View style={[styles.container, styles.overlay]} />
<View style={[styles.card, isFocused && styles.focused]} />

// WRONG -- spreading destroys C++ state
<View style={{ ...styles.container, ...styles.overlay }} />

Why bad (spread): spreading removes the C++ state Unistyles attaches, forcing it to restore state in unpredictable order; triggers dev-mode warnings

See examples/core.md for merging patterns and conditional style application.

---

Pattern 6: withUnistyles for Third-Party Components

Third-party components that don't expose native views via ref cannot benefit from Unistyles' Shadow Tree updates. Wrap them with withUnistyles to subscribe to theme and runtime changes.

import { withUnistyles } from "react-native-unistyles";
import { BlurHash } from "react-native-blurhash";

// Static mappings -- re-renders only when dependencies change
const UniBlurHash = withUnistyles(BlurHash, (theme) => ({
  color: theme.colors.tint,
}));

// Dynamic mappings via uniProps
<UniBlurHash
  uniProps={(theme, rt) => ({
    color: rt.colorScheme === "dark"
      ? theme.colors.darkTint
      : theme.colors.lightTint,
  })}
/>

Why good: component re-renders only when its dependencies change, not on every theme/runtime update

When to use: only for third-party components that don't work with standard Unistyles styles. Regular React Native components (View, Text, Pressable) work without it.

See examples/core.md for uniProps priority and when to choose withUnistyles vs useUnistyles.

</patterns>

---

<decision_framework>

Decision Framework

Choosing the Right Styling Approach

Does the component need theme colors or runtime values?
|-- NO -> Plain StyleSheet.create (static object, no callback)
+-- YES -> StyleSheet.create((theme, rt) => ...)
    |
    Does it also need component-local values (props, state)?
    |-- YES -> Dynamic function: style: (arg) => ({ ... })
    +-- NO -> Static theme/runtime access is enough

Does the style have multiple visual variants (size, color, state)?
|-- YES -> Use variants {} inside the style
|   |
|   Do combinations of variants need special treatment?
|   +-- YES -> Add compoundVariants []
+-- NO -> Regular style properties

Is this a third-party component that doesn't work with Unistyles styles?
|-- Try withUnistyles first (no re-renders)
+-- Only if that fails -> useUnistyles hook (causes re-renders)

Responsive: Breakpoints vs Media Queries vs Display/Hide

Need	Solution
Simple per-breakpoint values	Breakpoint object { xs: 8, md: 16 }
Precise pixel ranges	mq.only.width(0, 500)
Show/hide entire components	<Display mq={...}> / <Hide mq={...}>
Orientation-specific styles	Built-in portrait / landscape breakpoints

</decision_framework>

---

<red_flags>

RED FLAGS

High Priority Issues:

• Spreading styles {...styles.a, ...styles.b} -- destroys C++ state, causes unpredictable style resolution, triggers dev warnings
• Using useUnistyles in regular components -- forces full re-renders, defeats the zero-render architecture
• Calling StyleSheet.create before StyleSheet.configure -- styles won't have access to themes or breakpoints
• Importing StyleSheet from react-native instead of react-native-unistyles -- styles work but lose all Unistyles features (themes, variants, breakpoints)
• Passing non-serializable arguments to dynamic functions (functions, components, Promises) -- arguments are passed to C++ via folly::dynamic, non-serializable values crash

Medium Priority Issues:

• Setting both initialTheme and adaptiveThemes: true in configure -- they are mutually exclusive, Unistyles will throw an error
• Missing Babel plugin configuration -- without it, dependency detection, ref borrowing, and scoped variants don't work
• Using useUnistyles at the root level -- subscribes the entire app tree to every theme/runtime change
• Defining breakpoints without a 0 value -- at least one breakpoint must be 0 for CSS-like cascading to work

Gotchas & Edge Cases:

• The bottom inset is NOT dynamic for keyboard -- use rt.insets.ime (input method editor) for keyboard-responsive padding
• Babel plugin does NOT support moving functions outside StyleSheet.create or reassigning theme/rt to other variables -- the analysis is scope-bound
• ScopedTheme does not work correctly above Suspense boundaries -- place it inside suspended components
• Metro Fast Refresh (HMR) does not propagate child changes to parent ScopedTheme components -- requires manual refresh
• withUnistyles uniProps are lower priority than inline props -- inline props override uniProps, which override global mappings
• Boolean variants use string keys "true" and "false" -- they are distinct from a default variant
• All themes must share the same TypeScript type -- mismatched theme shapes cause type errors
• On web, Unistyles converts theme colors to CSS variables -- theme switching swaps a single class on <body>, no JS recomputation
• UnistylesRuntime getters are non-reactive outside StyleSheet -- use useUnistyles or withUnistyles for reactive access in components
• StyleSheet.addChangeListener() (v3.1.0+) is the escape hatch for animation libraries that need runtime update notifications

</red_flags>

---

<critical_reminders>

CRITICAL REMINDERS

All code must follow project conventions in CLAUDE.md

(You MUST import StyleSheet from react-native-unistyles, NOT from react-native -- the Unistyles version is a superset that enables all features)

(You MUST call StyleSheet.configure() BEFORE any StyleSheet.create() -- configure in your entry file before importing components)

(You MUST use array syntax [styles.a, styles.b] for merging styles -- NEVER spread {...styles.a, ...styles.b} as it destroys C++ state)

(You MUST NOT use useUnistyles hook in regular components -- it forces full re-renders, defeating Unistyles' zero-render architecture)

(You MUST pass only serializable arguments to dynamic functions -- strings, numbers, booleans, arrays, objects (no functions or components))

Failure to follow these rules will cause broken styles, unnecessary re-renders, and runtime crashes from the C++ core.

</critical_reminders>