Skill Authoring

Build skills that contribute context the model could not reliably infer on its own. Prefer team or product knowledge, operational gotchas, safety boundaries, and tested interfaces over generic advice.

Design principles

Let the model use judgement

Describe the outcome, relevant constraints, and local conventions. Avoid absolute workflow rules, arbitrary thresholds, and fixed sequences unless a safety property, external protocol, or repository policy genuinely requires them.

When a constraint is necessary, explain the reason and scope so it does not silently override the user's intent or surrounding project guidance.

Design interfaces, not exploration paths

For deterministic or fragile work, provide a script or tool with expressive parameters, useful validation, and actionable errors. Document its contract and discovery mechanism such as --help; do not enumerate every invocation in SKILL.md.

Use examples only when they reveal semantics that the interface cannot express clearly. Treat examples as illustrations, not templates the model must copy.

Use progressive disclosure

Skills load in three tiers:

1. Frontmatter advertises what the skill does and when it applies.
2. SKILL.md supplies the shortest useful workflow and routing decisions.
3. references/, scripts/, and assets/ provide details only when needed.

Keep references one level deep. Link them directly from SKILL.md and say when to read each one. Long API recipes, exhaustive formats, platform-specific syntax, troubleshooting catalogs, and extended examples usually belong in references.

Do not repeat the harness

Do not restate tool schemas, global policies, ordinary coding knowledge, or instructions already owned by another skill. Link to the owning skill or rely on the tool description. One rule should have one authoritative home.

Preserve justified strictness

Low-freedom instructions remain appropriate for destructive actions, credentials, financial changes, publication, protocol invariants, and other high-cost failures. Make the boundary narrow and keep the mechanism verifiable.

Structure

.agents/skills/<skill-name>/
├── SKILL.md
├── references/   # optional, loaded on demand
├── scripts/      # optional, executable interfaces
└── assets/       # optional, output resources

Required frontmatter:

---
name: skill-name
description: What the skill does. Use when the relevant trigger occurs.
---

• name must match the parent directory and follow the Agent Skills specification.
• description exists solely to route: it is the only part of the skill loaded before the skill is chosen, so its one job is letting the model recognise a matching situation. See below.
• Use .agents/skills/ for cross-platform skills unless project guidance says otherwise.

Writing the description

Only name and description are pre-loaded into the system prompt at startup; the body is read only once the skill is selected. The description is therefore what the model chooses from, potentially among a hundred skills, before it knows anything else about this one.

Include both halves: what the skill does, and when to use it. The standard shape is <what it does>. Use when <specific triggers>. A capability with no trigger clause cannot route; a trigger clause alone loses the terms that make the match specific.

• Write in third person. The description is injected into the system prompt, where first- or second-person phrasing ("I can help you…", "your fork") causes discovery problems.
• Be specific and include key terms, including file extensions, tool names, and the words a user would actually type. Vague summaries such as "helps with documents" do not route.
• Prefer concrete occasions to abstract summaries. "When a build fails after a dependency bump" routes; "manage dependency health" does not.
• Do not gate on facts discovered after loading. A qualifier the model can only evaluate by reading the skill, running a command, or inspecting the repository will suppress the skill in precisely the ambiguous cases it exists to resolve. State the broad situation in the description and put the check in the body.
• Distinguish neighbouring skills. Where two skills cover adjacent ground, say in each which situation belongs to the other.
• Descriptions are capped at 1,024 characters.

Remember that name is pre-loaded alongside the description and also feeds selection, so a descriptive name carries part of the routing weight.

A useful test: given only the name and description, could the model tell whether the skill applies to the next request — without opening it?

Authoring workflow

1. Identify the non-obvious knowledge or reliable interface the skill adds.
2. Check whether an existing skill, project rule, tool description, or script already owns it.
3. Choose the freedom level appropriate to the consequence of error.
4. Write routing metadata, then a concise happy path and decision points.
5. Move conditional or detailed material behind direct reference links.
6. Test scripts and validate frontmatter and links.
7. Re-read the skill and remove repetition, obvious advice, unnecessary examples, and constraints that surrounding context can decide better.

Review questions

• Would a capable model know this without the skill?
• Does the description state both what the skill does and when to use it, in third person, without gating on anything only discoverable after loading?
• Does each absolute rule protect a real invariant?
• Could a parameterized interface replace prose or examples?
• Is conditional detail loaded only when its condition occurs?
• Does the skill defer to user intent and repository conventions where safe?
• Is another file the authoritative source for any repeated instruction?
• Can a reader discover every referenced file directly from SKILL.md?

References

• Agent Skills specification
• Anthropic skill authoring best practices
• Context-engineering principles discussed by Thariq Shams