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rust-error-handling

Guides Rust error handling strategy. Use when choosing between Result/Option/panic, using anyhow vs thiserror, propagating errors with ?, or designing custom error types.

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Error Handling

Layer 1: Language Mechanics

Core Question

Is this failure expected or a bug?

Before choosing error handling strategy:

  • Can this fail in normal operation?
  • Who should handle this failure?
  • What context does the caller need?

Thinking Prompt

Before handling an error:

  1. What kind of failure is this?

    • Expected → Result<T, E>
    • Absence normal → Option<T>
    • Bug/invariant → panic!
    • Unrecoverable → panic!
  2. Who handles this?

    • Caller → propagate with ?
    • Current function → match/if-let
    • User → friendly error message
    • Programmer → panic with message
  3. What context is needed?

    • Type of error → thiserror variants
    • Call chain → anyhow::Context
    • Debug info → anyhow or tracing

Decision Flowchart

Is failure expected?
├─ Yes → Is absence the only "failure"?
│        ├─ Yes → Option<T>
│        └─ No → Result<T, E>
│                 ├─ Library → thiserror
│                 └─ Application → anyhow
└─ No → Is it a bug?
        ├─ Yes → panic!, assert!
        └─ No → Consider if really unrecoverable

Use ? → Need context?
├─ Yes → .context("message")
└─ No → Plain ?

Quick Reference

PatternWhenExample
Result<T, E>Recoverable errorfn read() -> Result<String, io::Error>
Option<T>Absence is normalfn find() -> Option<&Item>
?Propagate errorlet data = file.read()?;
unwrap()Dev/test onlyconfig.get("key").unwrap()
expect()Invariant holdsenv.get("HOME").expect("HOME set")
panic!Unrecoverablepanic!("critical failure")

Library vs Application

ContextError CrateWhy
LibrarythiserrorTyped errors for consumers
ApplicationanyhowErgonomic error handling
MixedBoththiserror at boundaries, anyhow internally

Common Mistakes

MistakeFix
.unwrap() in productionUse ? or match
Type mismatch on ?Use anyhow or impl From<E>
Lost error contextAdd .context("what was happening")
Box<dyn Error> everywhereUse thiserror for typed errors

Anti-Patterns

Anti-PatternWhy BadBetter
.unwrap() everywherePanics in production.expect("reason") or ?
Ignore errors silentlyBugs hiddenHandle or propagate
panic! for expected errorsBad UX, no recoveryResult
Box<dyn Error> everywhereLost type infothiserror

Related Skills

  • ownership — error propagation and ownership
  • type-driven-design — custom error types with thiserror
  • anti-patterns — common error handling mistakes

レビュー

まだレビューはありません。使ってみた感想をお寄せください。

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