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rust-ownership

Guides ownership, borrowing, and lifetime decisions in Rust. Use when encountering E0382, E0597, E0506, E0507, move errors, or when designing data ownership.

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Ownership & Lifetimes

Layer 1: Language Mechanics

Core Question

Who should own this data, and for how long?

Before fixing ownership errors, understand the data's role:

  • Is it shared or exclusive?
  • Is it short-lived or long-lived?
  • Is it transformed or just read?

Error → Design Question

ErrorDon't Just SayAsk Instead
E0382"Clone it"Who should own this data?
E0597"Extend lifetime"Is the scope boundary correct?
E0506"End borrow first"Should mutation happen elsewhere?
E0507"Clone before move"Why are we moving from a reference?
E0515"Return owned"Should caller own the data?
E0716"Bind to variable"Why is this temporary?
E0106"Add 'a"What is the actual lifetime relationship?

Thinking Prompt

Before fixing an ownership error, ask:

  1. What is this data's domain role?

    • Entity (unique identity) → owned
    • Value Object (interchangeable) → clone/copy OK
    • Temporary (computation result) → maybe restructure
  2. Is the ownership design intentional?

    • By design → work within constraints
    • Accidental → consider redesign
  3. Fix symptom or redesign?

    • If Strike 3 (3rd attempt) → escalate to design layer

Quick Reference

PatternOwnershipCostUse When
MoveTransferZeroCaller doesn't need data
&TBorrowZeroRead-only access
&mut TExclusive borrowZeroNeed to modify
clone()DuplicateAlloc + copyActually need a copy
Rc<T>Shared (single)Ref countSingle-thread sharing
Arc<T>Shared (multi)Atomic ref countMulti-thread sharing
Cow<T>Clone-on-writeAlloc if mutatedMight modify

Error Code Reference

ErrorCauseFix
E0382Value movedClone, reference, or redesign ownership
E0597Reference outlives ownerExtend owner scope or restructure
E0506Assign while borrowedEnd borrow before mutation
E0507Move out of borrowedClone or use reference
E0515Return local referenceReturn owned value
E0716Temporary droppedBind to variable
E0106Missing lifetimeAdd 'a annotation

Anti-Patterns

Anti-PatternWhy BadBetter
.clone() everywhereHides design issuesDesign ownership properly
Fight borrow checkerIncreases complexityWork with the compiler
'static for everythingRestricts flexibilityUse appropriate lifetimes
Leak with Box::leakMemory leakProper lifetime design

Related Skills

  • zero-cost-abstractions — static vs dynamic dispatch
  • type-driven-design — newtype and type state patterns
  • concurrency — Send/Sync and shared state
  • anti-patterns — common ownership mistakes

レビュー

まだレビューはありません。使ってみた感想をお寄せください。

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