Refactor Guardian

Epistemology: prove necessity, then prove behavioural preservation.

Agents love to refactor. This skill is deliberately hostile to unnecessary cleverness.

DO NOT REFACTOR is a first-class outcome.

If the pain is theoretical, the benefit cannot be measured, the blast radius exceeds the value, or an incremental repair is sufficient, leave the code alone and explain why.

Read references/CONSTITUTION.md first.

Phase 0: Classify the proposed change

Before calling something a refactor, classify it.

• Refactor: internal structure changes while externally observable behaviour and required operational properties remain invariant.
• Incremental repair: local correction that relieves the problem without structural migration.
• Migration: technology, schema, protocol, or platform transition that may require compatibility management.
• Feature change: intended product behaviour changes.
• Rewrite: substantial replacement with material implementation and migration risk.

Do not smuggle feature changes or rewrites under the safer word "refactor."

Gate 1: Necessity

1. Examine the claimed problem

Replace vague claims with measurable pain.

Weak:

The code is messy.

Useful:

Adding a provider requires editing seven modules in lockstep, and three of the last five provider additions caused inconsistent validation.

2. Establish baseline evidence

Collect, where relevant:

• defect frequency;
• lead time/change effort;
• repeated files/surfaces touched;
• incident history;
• performance baseline;
• reliability baseline;
• security constraint;
• dependency/platform deadline;
• test fragility;
• onboarding or ownership cost.

Do not invent metrics. If evidence is qualitative, say so.

3. Compare options

Compare:

A. Do nothing.
B. Local repair.
C. Incremental refactor.
D. Migration.
E. Rewrite/structural replacement.

Assess:

• expected benefit;
• implementation cost;
• migration cost;
• regression risk;
• reversibility;
• operational complexity;
• opportunity cost;
• time until benefit is realised.

Allowed verdicts:

• DO NOT REFACTOR
• REPAIR LOCALLY
• REFACTOR INCREMENTALLY
• MIGRATION JUSTIFIED
• REWRITE JUSTIFIED
• NEEDS MORE EVIDENCE

If necessity fails, stop. Do not author a migration plan for an unjustified change.

Gate 2: Preservation

For approved structural work, build an invariant ledger.

Capture what must remain true:

• functional outputs;
• side effects;
• persistence semantics;
• transaction boundaries;
• ordering;
• retry/idempotency behaviour;
• error semantics;
• public API contracts;
• event/message schemas;
• data formats;
• backwards compatibility window;
• authentication/authorization boundaries;
• tenant isolation;
• accessibility interactions;
• performance budgets;
• availability/reliability properties;
• audit/observability requirements.

Separate intended behaviour from accidental behaviour. If consumers rely on accidental behaviour, treat it as a compatibility fact until migration is planned.

Phase 3: Blast-radius and dependency map

Trace:

• target symbols/modules;
• direct and transitive callers;
• shared state;
• database/schema dependencies;
• API consumers;
• events and queues;
• jobs and schedulers;
• auth/policy dependencies;
• external clients and scripts;
• deployment topology;
• tests and fixtures;
• monitoring and operational runbooks.

Small diffs can have large blast radii.

Phase 4: Choose a migration strategy

Consider, where applicable:

• branch by abstraction;
• strangler path;
• adapter/compatibility layer;
• expand-and-contract schema migration;
• shadow traffic;
• dual read with comparison;
• dual write only with reconciliation strategy;
• feature flags;
• canary rollout;
• backfill with checkpoints.

Do not cargo-cult migration patterns. Explain why the chosen pattern fits the risk.

Big-bang change is allowed only when incremental coexistence is impossible or materially more dangerous, and that claim must be justified.

Phase 5: Define checkpoints and rollback

Each checkpoint should state:

• change;
• invariant at risk;
• proof required;
• observability signal;
• rollback method;
• point of no return, if any;
• cleanup condition.

Prefer independently shippable, behaviour-preserving checkpoints.

For schema/data migration define:

• expand step;
• backfill;
• consistency validation;
• compatibility period;
• read/write transition;
• contract step;
• rollback limits.

Phase 6: Proof before movement

Before structural change:

• strengthen tests around invariants;
• add characterization tests where behaviour is undocumented;
• establish baseline metrics where performance/reliability motivates the change;
• capture representative contracts and fixtures;
• identify known bugs that should not accidentally become invariants.

If the test strategy itself is weak or broad, hand off to Test Architect.

Phase 7: Incremental execution

For each approved slice:

1. state the invariant protected;
2. make one coherent structural move;
3. run targeted tests;
4. compare behaviour and relevant metrics;
5. inspect logs/errors;
6. verify compatibility;
7. decide proceed, pause, or rollback.

No opportunistic cleanup outside scope.

Phase 8: Equivalence and migration verification

Verify:

• old and new paths agree where coexistence is expected;
• data is complete and consistent;
• clients remain compatible;
• permission boundaries are preserved or intentionally changed;
• performance remains within budget;
• retries and failure recovery still hold;
• accessibility behaviour is preserved where relevant;
• rollback remains possible until the declared point of no return.

A passing unit suite alone is not proof of behavioural equivalence.

Phase 9: Cleanup gate

Delete old paths only when:

• traffic/use has migrated;
• backfill is complete;
• consistency checks pass;
• observability shows no unexpected consumers;
• compatibility window has closed;
• rollback policy permits deletion;
• tests protect the new path;
• documentation and ownership are updated;
• feature flags/adapters have explicit removal completed.

Report format

# Refactor Assessment — [target]

**Verdict:** DO NOT REFACTOR | REPAIR LOCALLY | REFACTOR INCREMENTALLY | MIGRATION JUSTIFIED | REWRITE JUSTIFIED | NEEDS MORE EVIDENCE
**Declared scope:** [...]

## Necessity
- **Claimed problem:** [...]
- **Baseline evidence:** [...]
- **Cost of doing nothing:** [...]
- **Incremental alternative:** [...]
- **Options analysis:** [...]

## Invariant ledger
| Invariant | Evidence/baseline | At-risk surfaces | Proof method |

## Blast radius
[Direct and transitive dependencies.]

## Migration strategy
[Chosen pattern and why.]

## Checkpoints
| Checkpoint | Invariant at risk | Proof | Observability | Rollback |

## Data/schema compatibility
[...]

## Cleanup gate
[...]

## Residual risk
[...]

## Confidence
Confirmed | High Confidence | Needs Verification

Anti-patterns

• Architecture astronautics.
• Refactor-as-rewrite.
• Big-bang restructure without proof that coexistence is worse.
• Cleverness over clarity.
• No baseline, therefore no way to prove improvement.
• Characterization tests that accidentally canonise known defects.
• Dual writes without reconciliation.
• Permanent compatibility layers and feature flags with no cleanup gate.
• Declaring success because code moved while operational properties regressed.