Rich Text Editor Expert (2026 Edition)

English | Bahasa Indonesia

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<a name="english"></a>

English

Orchestration & Integration

• realtime-collaboration-expert: Yjs/Automerge CRDTs for collaborative editing.
• form-validation-expert: Form integration patterns for editor content.
• headless-cms-expert: CMS schema integration for rich text fields.
• file-upload-media-expert: Image/video embedding within editor content.
• senior-frontend: React component patterns for editor wrappers.

Description

Expert guide for integrating production-quality rich text editors into web applications. Covers Tiptap v2 (ProseMirror-based, extensible), Lexical (Meta's framework, high-performance), and ProseMirror (low-level, maximum control). Includes custom node/mark creation, collaborative editing with Yjs, slash commands, mention systems, image/video embedding, Portable Text output, and accessibility compliance.

Trigger Conditions

• Adding a WYSIWYG or rich text editor to an application.
• Building collaborative document editing features.
• Creating custom editor extensions (mentions, slash commands, embeds).
• Choosing between Tiptap, Lexical, or ProseMirror.
• Implementing content serialization (HTML, JSON, Markdown, Portable Text).

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Editor Selection Guide

Criteria	Tiptap v2	Lexical (Meta)	ProseMirror
Abstraction Level	High	Medium	Low
Framework	React, Vue, vanilla	React (primary)	Vanilla JS
Extension Ecosystem	★★★★★ (50+ extensions)	★★★ (growing)	★★★★ (community)
Collaboration	Yjs built-in	Yjs plugin	Yjs via prosemirror-collab
Performance	★★★★	★★★★★	★★★★
Learning Curve	Low-Medium	Medium-High	High
Best For	Most apps, CMS	High-scale, messaging	Custom editors

Recommendation: Use Tiptap v2 for 90% of use cases. Use Lexical for high-performance messaging apps. Use ProseMirror only when you need full low-level control.

Core Patterns

1. Tiptap v2 Setup (React)

import { useEditor, EditorContent } from '@tiptap/react';
import StarterKit from '@tiptap/starter-kit';
import Placeholder from '@tiptap/extension-placeholder';
import Image from '@tiptap/extension-image';
import Link from '@tiptap/extension-link';
import Collaboration from '@tiptap/extension-collaboration';
import * as Y from 'yjs';

const ydoc = new Y.Doc();

function RichEditor({ onUpdate }: { onUpdate: (json: object) => void }) {
  const editor = useEditor({
    extensions: [
      StarterKit.configure({ history: false }), // Disable history for collab
      Placeholder.configure({ placeholder: 'Start writing...' }),
      Image.configure({ inline: true, allowBase64: false }),
      Link.configure({ openOnClick: false, autolink: true }),
      Collaboration.configure({ document: ydoc }),
    ],
    onUpdate: ({ editor }) => onUpdate(editor.getJSON()),
  });

  return (
    <div className="editor-wrapper">
      <MenuBar editor={editor} />
      <EditorContent editor={editor} className="prose max-w-none" />
    </div>
  );
}

2. Custom Slash Command Extension (Tiptap)

import { Extension } from '@tiptap/core';
import Suggestion from '@tiptap/suggestion';

export const SlashCommands = Extension.create({
  name: 'slashCommands',
  addOptions() {
    return {
      suggestion: {
        char: '/',
        items: ({ query }) => [
          { title: 'Heading 1', command: ({ editor }) => editor.chain().focus().toggleHeading({ level: 1 }).run() },
          { title: 'Bullet List', command: ({ editor }) => editor.chain().focus().toggleBulletList().run() },
          { title: 'Code Block', command: ({ editor }) => editor.chain().focus().toggleCodeBlock().run() },
          { title: 'Image', command: ({ editor }) => { /* open upload dialog */ } },
        ].filter((item) => item.title.toLowerCase().includes(query.toLowerCase())),
      },
    };
  },
  addProseMirrorPlugins() {
    return [Suggestion({ editor: this.editor, ...this.options.suggestion })];
  },
});

3. Lexical Setup (React)

import { LexicalComposer } from '@lexical/react/LexicalComposer';
import { RichTextPlugin } from '@lexical/react/LexicalRichTextPlugin';
import { ContentEditable } from '@lexical/react/LexicalContentEditable';
import { HistoryPlugin } from '@lexical/react/LexicalHistoryPlugin';
import { AutoFocusPlugin } from '@lexical/react/LexicalAutoFocusPlugin';
import { HeadingNode, QuoteNode } from '@lexical/rich-text';
import { ListNode, ListItemNode } from '@lexical/list';
import { CodeNode } from '@lexical/code';

const editorConfig = {
  namespace: 'MyEditor',
  nodes: [HeadingNode, QuoteNode, ListNode, ListItemNode, CodeNode],
  onError: (error: Error) => console.error(error),
  theme: { /* custom theme classes */ },
};

function LexicalEditor() {
  return (
    <LexicalComposer initialConfig={editorConfig}>
      <RichTextPlugin
        contentEditable={<ContentEditable className="prose" />}
        placeholder={<div className="text-gray-400">Start writing...</div>}
        ErrorBoundary={LexicalErrorBoundary}
      />
      <HistoryPlugin />
      <AutoFocusPlugin />
    </LexicalComposer>
  );
}

4. Content Serialization Patterns

• JSON (Tiptap/Lexical): Store editor state as JSON for exact restoration.
• HTML: Use editor.getHTML() for rendering in non-editor contexts.
• Markdown: Convert with @tiptap/extension-markdown for developer-facing content.
• Portable Text (Sanity): Map Tiptap nodes to Portable Text blocks for CMS storage.

Production Checklist

• Content sanitization (DOMPurify) before rendering user HTML.
• Image upload with presigned URLs (not base64 in content).
• Keyboard shortcuts documented and accessible.
• Mobile-responsive toolbar (sticky or floating).
• Autosave with debounce (500ms) and conflict resolution.
• Max content length validation.

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<a name="bahasa-indonesia"></a>

Bahasa Indonesia

Integrasi Orkestrasi

• realtime-collaboration-expert: CRDT Yjs/Automerge untuk editing kolaboratif.
• form-validation-expert: Pola integrasi form untuk konten editor.
• headless-cms-expert: Integrasi skema CMS untuk field rich text.

Deskripsi

Panduan ahli untuk mengintegrasikan editor rich text berkualitas produksi ke dalam aplikasi web. Mencakup Tiptap v2, Lexical (Meta), dan ProseMirror. Termasuk pembuatan node/mark kustom, editing kolaboratif dengan Yjs, slash commands, sistem mention, embedding gambar/video, dan output Portable Text.

Kondisi Pemicu

• Menambahkan editor WYSIWYG atau rich text ke aplikasi.
• Membangun fitur editing dokumen kolaboratif.
• Membuat ekstensi editor kustom (mention, slash commands, embed).
• Memilih antara Tiptap, Lexical, atau ProseMirror.