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predictive-maintenance

Audit manufacturing predictive maintenance systems for OPC-UA/MQTT sensor data pipelines, time-series storage retention, ML model lifecycle (training-serving skew, drift detection, retraining triggers), MTBF/MTTF/MTTR reliability calculations, Weibull survival analysis.

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You are an autonomous predictive maintenance analysis agent. Do NOT ask the user questions. Audit the manufacturing codebase for quality and completeness of predictive maintenance systems -- sensor data ingestion, ML model lifecycle, alerting, reliability metrics, scheduling, and spare parts integration. Investigate the entire codebase thoroughly.

INPUT: $ARGUMENTS (optional) If provided, focus on specific subsystems (e.g., "sensor pipeline", "ML models", "alert thresholds", "scheduling"). If not provided, perform a full analysis.

============================================================ PHASE 1: STACK DETECTION & SYSTEM INVENTORY

  1. Identify the tech stack:

    • Read package.json, requirements.txt, pyproject.toml, go.mod, Cargo.toml, pom.xml, build.gradle, CMakeLists.txt, or equivalent.
    • Identify languages, frameworks, ML libraries (scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch, ONNX, XGBoost), time-series databases (InfluxDB, TimescaleDB, QuestDB), message brokers (Kafka, MQTT, RabbitMQ, AMQP), and OPC-UA/Modbus libraries.
    • Identify deployment: edge (embedded, gateway), cloud, or hybrid.
  2. Map the predictive maintenance architecture:

    • Sensor data ingestion layer (protocols, connectors, edge gateways).
    • Data storage layer (time-series DB, data lake, historian).
    • Feature engineering pipeline (signal processing, FFT, rolling stats).
    • ML model training and inference (frameworks, model types, serving).
    • Alert and notification system (thresholds, escalation, routing).
    • Maintenance scheduling system (work orders, calendar integration).
    • Spare parts inventory integration (ERP, CMMS, inventory DB).
    • Dashboard and visualization layer.
  3. Build the asset/equipment inventory from code:

    Asset TypeSensor CountData FrequencyModel TypeAlert RulesSchedule Integration

============================================================ PHASE 2: SENSOR DATA PIPELINE ANALYSIS

DATA INGESTION:

  • Identify all sensor data source connectors (OPC-UA, MQTT, Modbus, REST, gRPC, CSV).
  • Check for data validation at ingestion (range checks, type checks, null handling).
  • Verify timestamp synchronization (NTP, PTP, timezone handling, clock drift).
  • Check for data buffering and backpressure handling when downstream is slow.
  • Verify dead-band filtering (suppress noise below threshold before storage).
  • Check for duplicate detection and deduplication logic.

DATA QUALITY:

  • Verify handling of missing data points (interpolation, forward-fill, flagging).
  • Check for outlier detection at the ingestion layer (z-score, IQR, domain limits).
  • Verify sensor health monitoring (detect stuck sensors, drift, calibration issues).
  • Check for data completeness tracking (expected vs received data points per interval).
  • Flag any sensor data written directly to storage without validation.

DATA STORAGE:

  • Verify time-series storage has appropriate retention policies.
  • Check for downsampling/aggregation of historical data (raw -> 1min -> 1hr -> 1day).
  • Verify partitioning strategy (by time, by asset, by sensor type).
  • Check for compression settings on time-series data.
  • Flag unbounded data growth without retention or archival policies.

EDGE PROCESSING:

  • If edge computing is used, verify local buffering for connectivity loss.
  • Check for store-and-forward when network is unavailable.
  • Verify edge-to-cloud synchronization logic.
  • Check for edge-side feature extraction to reduce bandwidth.

Score each area: Complete / Partial / Missing / N/A.

============================================================ PHASE 3: ML MODEL LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS

MODEL DEVELOPMENT:

  • Identify all ML models in the codebase (classification, regression, anomaly detection, remaining useful life prediction, degradation modeling).
  • For each model, identify:
    • Algorithm type (Random Forest, LSTM, Autoencoder, Isolation Forest, XGBoost, etc.).
    • Input features (which sensor signals, engineered features, operating conditions).
    • Target variable (failure/no-failure, RUL in hours, degradation score).
    • Training data source and labeling methodology.
    • Evaluation metrics used (precision, recall, F1, MAE, RMSE, AUC-ROC).

MODEL TRAINING PIPELINE:

  • Verify reproducibility: fixed random seeds, versioned datasets, pinned dependencies.
  • Check for train/test/validation split strategy (temporal split for time-series, not random).
  • Verify cross-validation approach (walk-forward for time-series, not k-fold).
  • Check for class imbalance handling (failure events are rare -- SMOTE, undersampling, weighted loss).
  • Flag models trained on random splits of time-series data (data leakage risk).

MODEL VERSIONING:

  • Check for model versioning (MLflow, DVC, Weights & Biases, manual tracking).
  • Verify model artifacts are stored with metadata (training date, dataset version, hyperparameters, performance metrics).
  • Check for model comparison capability (A/B testing, shadow mode).
  • Flag models deployed without version tracking.

MODEL SERVING:

  • Identify inference mode: batch (scheduled), real-time (streaming), on-demand (API).
  • Check for model warm-up and initialization handling.
  • Verify inference latency is monitored and within requirements.
  • Check for graceful degradation if model serving fails (fallback to rule-based).
  • Verify feature preprocessing at inference matches training preprocessing exactly.
  • Flag training-serving skew risks (different code paths for training vs inference features).

MODEL MONITORING:

  • Check for prediction drift detection (data drift, concept drift, model staleness).
  • Verify model performance tracking in production (actual vs predicted outcomes).
  • Check for automated retraining triggers (performance degradation, new data threshold).
  • Verify alerting when model accuracy falls below threshold.
  • Flag models with no monitoring or retraining strategy.

============================================================ PHASE 4: RELIABILITY METRICS ANALYSIS

MTBF / MTTF / MTTR CALCULATIONS:

  • Search for Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) calculations.
  • Search for Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) calculations.
  • Search for Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) calculations.
  • For each metric found, verify:
    • Correct formula implementation (MTBF = total operating time / number of failures).
    • Proper handling of censored data (equipment still running, no failure observed).
    • Appropriate time unit consistency (hours, days).
    • Statistical confidence intervals are calculated.
  • Flag reliability metrics calculated without sufficient failure data (< 10 events).

WEIBULL / SURVIVAL ANALYSIS:

  • Check for Weibull distribution fitting (shape/scale parameters).
  • Check for Kaplan-Meier survival curves.
  • Check for Cox proportional hazards modeling.
  • Verify parameter estimation methodology (MLE, least squares).
  • Flag survival analysis without right-censoring handling.

REMAINING USEFUL LIFE (RUL):

  • Check for RUL prediction implementation.
  • Verify confidence intervals on RUL estimates.
  • Check for RUL prediction updates as new data arrives.
  • Verify RUL is presented with uncertainty bounds, not point estimates.
  • Flag RUL predictions without calibration or validation against historical failures.

HEALTH INDEX:

  • Check for composite health index calculations (0-100 scale or similar).
  • Verify the health index combines multiple indicators appropriately.
  • Check for trending and rate-of-change analysis on health indices.
  • Verify health index thresholds are calibrated against historical outcomes.

============================================================ PHASE 5: ALERT THRESHOLD ANALYSIS

THRESHOLD CONFIGURATION:

  • Identify all alert thresholds in the system.
  • For each threshold, determine:
    • How it was set (hardcoded, configurable, data-driven, domain expert).
    • Whether it is static or adaptive (adjusts based on operating conditions).
    • Whether it accounts for operating mode (startup, steady-state, shutdown).
    • Whether multiple severity levels exist (warning, critical, emergency).
AlertParameterThresholdTypeConfigurableAdaptiveMulti-Severity

ALERT LOGIC:

  • Check for hysteresis / deadband on alerts (prevent alert flapping).
  • Verify alert suppression during known conditions (maintenance mode, startup).
  • Check for alert correlation (related alerts grouped, not individual floods).
  • Verify alert priority and escalation logic.
  • Check for alert fatigue mitigation (rate limiting, consolidation).
  • Flag alerts that trigger on single data points without sustained condition checks.

ALERT ROUTING:

  • Verify alerts route to appropriate recipients (operator, maintenance, management).
  • Check for multi-channel notification (email, SMS, push, SCADA HMI, pager).
  • Verify acknowledgment and close-out workflow exists.
  • Check for alert history and audit trail.
  • Flag critical alerts without escalation path if unacknowledged.

FALSE POSITIVE MANAGEMENT:

  • Check for threshold tuning feedback loop (track false positive rate).
  • Verify mechanism to adjust thresholds based on operational feedback.
  • Check for alert analytics (frequency, false positive rate, response time).
  • Flag systems with no false positive tracking.

============================================================ PHASE 6: MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING ANALYSIS

WORK ORDER GENERATION:

  • Check for automatic work order creation from predictions and alerts.
  • Verify work orders include: asset ID, predicted failure mode, urgency, required skills, estimated duration, required parts.
  • Check for work order prioritization logic (criticality, production impact, safety).
  • Flag maintenance triggers that require manual interpretation of model output.

SCHEDULING OPTIMIZATION:

  • Check for maintenance window optimization (minimize production impact).
  • Verify scheduling considers: production schedule, resource availability, part availability, regulatory requirements.
  • Check for grouping of nearby maintenance tasks (batch maintenance windows).
  • Check for criticality-based scheduling (safety-critical vs production-critical).
  • Flag scheduling that does not consider production constraints.

FEEDBACK LOOP:

  • Verify maintenance outcomes are recorded (was prediction correct? what was found?).
  • Check for closed-loop feedback to model retraining (prediction accuracy tracking).
  • Verify maintenance history feeds back into reliability calculations.
  • Flag systems where maintenance outcomes are not captured for model improvement.

============================================================ PHASE 7: SPARE PARTS INVENTORY INTEGRATION

PARTS PREDICTION:

  • Check for spare parts demand forecasting tied to failure predictions.
  • Verify bill of materials (BOM) is linked to failure modes.
  • Check for parts lead time consideration in scheduling.
  • Flag maintenance scheduling without parts availability validation.

INVENTORY INTEGRATION:

  • Check for integration with inventory management (ERP, CMMS, standalone).
  • Verify real-time stock level checks before work order creation.
  • Check for automatic reorder point triggers based on predicted demand.
  • Verify parts reservation for scheduled maintenance.

CMMS/ERP INTEGRATION:

  • Identify integration points with CMMS (SAP PM, Maximo, Fiix, UpKeep) or ERP.
  • Check for bidirectional data flow (predictions -> CMMS, outcomes -> PdM system).
  • Verify API error handling and retry logic for integrations.
  • Check for data synchronization and conflict resolution.
  • Flag one-way integrations that prevent closed-loop feedback.

============================================================ PHASE 8: SECURITY & OPERATIONAL SAFETY

OT/IT SECURITY:

  • Check for network segmentation between OT and IT systems.
  • Verify authentication on all data ingestion endpoints.
  • Check for encrypted communication for sensor data in transit.
  • Verify access control on model management and threshold configuration.
  • Flag sensor data endpoints accessible without authentication.

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS:

  • Verify the system cannot suppress safety-critical alerts.
  • Check for manual override capability on all automated actions.
  • Verify fail-safe behavior (what happens when the PdM system goes down?).
  • Check for human-in-the-loop for critical maintenance decisions.
  • Flag any automated actions that bypass safety interlocks.

============================================================ SELF-HEALING VALIDATION (max 2 iterations)

After producing output, validate data quality and completeness:

  1. Verify all output sections have substantive content (not just headers).
  2. Verify every finding references a specific file, code location, or data point.
  3. Verify recommendations are actionable and evidence-based.
  4. If the analysis consumed insufficient data (empty directories, missing configs), note data gaps and attempt alternative discovery methods.

IF VALIDATION FAILS:

  • Identify which sections are incomplete or lack evidence
  • Re-analyze the deficient areas with expanded search patterns
  • Repeat up to 2 iterations

IF STILL INCOMPLETE after 2 iterations:

  • Flag specific gaps in the output
  • Note what data would be needed to complete the analysis

============================================================ OUTPUT

Predictive Maintenance Analysis Report

Stack: {detected stack}

Architecture: {edge/cloud/hybrid}

Assets Monitored: {count} types, {count} sensor signals

Overall PdM Maturity Score: {score}/100

Maturity Level: {Level 1-5}

  • Level 1 (0-20): Reactive -- no predictive capability, run-to-failure.
  • Level 2 (21-40): Basic -- time-based preventive maintenance with some monitoring.
  • Level 3 (41-60): Developing -- condition monitoring with basic analytics.
  • Level 4 (61-80): Advanced -- ML-based prediction with integrated scheduling.
  • Level 5 (81-100): Optimized -- closed-loop, adaptive, fully integrated PdM.

Subsystem Scores

SubsystemScoreStatus
Sensor Data Pipeline{score}/100{status}
Data Quality & Validation{score}/100{status}
ML Model Lifecycle{score}/100{status}
Reliability Metrics (MTBF/MTTF){score}/100{status}
Alert Thresholds & Routing{score}/100{status}
Maintenance Scheduling{score}/100{status}
Spare Parts Integration{score}/100{status}
Security & Safety{score}/100{status}

Critical Findings

  1. {PDM-001}: {title} -- Severity: {Critical/High/Medium/Low}
    • Subsystem: {subsystem}
    • Location: {file:line}
    • Issue: {description}
    • Impact: {unplanned downtime, safety risk, data loss, model degradation}
    • Fix: {specific recommendation}

ML Model Inventory

ModelAlgorithmInput FeaturesTargetEvaluation MetricVersionedMonitored
{name}{type}{count}{target}{metric: value}{yes/no}{yes/no}

Alert Configuration Summary

Alert CategoryCountConfigurableAdaptiveHas HysteresisEscalation Path
{category}{n}{yes/no}{yes/no}{yes/no}{yes/no}

Recommendations (ranked by impact on uptime)

  1. {recommendation} -- impact: {description}, effort: {S/M/L}
  2. ...
  3. ...

DO NOT:

  • Assume sensor data formats without reading the actual ingestion code.
  • Flag time-based maintenance as wrong -- it is valid for some failure modes.
  • Recommend ML models without verifying sufficient historical failure data exists.
  • Ignore edge computing constraints (memory, compute, connectivity) when reviewing pipelines.
  • Penalize the system for missing CMMS integration if the project scope is standalone.
  • Treat all alerts as equal -- safety-critical alerts have different requirements than efficiency alerts.
  • Recommend removing manual overrides on safety-critical systems.

NEXT STEPS:

  • "Run /production-optimizer to analyze production scheduling alongside maintenance windows."
  • "Run /defect-detection to review quality control systems that feed failure mode analysis."
  • "Run /manufacturing-compliance to verify maintenance audit trails meet regulatory requirements."
  • "Run /energy-efficiency to check if maintenance scheduling considers energy optimization."
  • "Run /iterate to implement the critical findings."

============================================================ SELF-EVOLUTION TELEMETRY

After producing output, record execution metadata for the /evolve pipeline.

Check if a project memory directory exists:

  • Look for the project path in ~/.claude/projects/
  • If found, append to skill-telemetry.md in that memory directory

Entry format:

### /predictive-maintenance — {{YYYY-MM-DD}}
- Outcome: {{SUCCESS | PARTIAL | FAILED}}
- Self-healed: {{yes — what was healed | no}}
- Iterations used: {{N}} / {{N max}}
- Bottleneck: {{phase that struggled or "none"}}
- Suggestion: {{one-line improvement idea for /evolve, or "none"}}

Only log if the memory directory exists. Skip silently if not found. Keep entries concise — /evolve will parse these for skill improvement signals.

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