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Assess whether stolen Kerberos tickets, credentials used for network authentication, can enable access to other systems during authorized testing. Guide ticket extraction and reuse, review detection indicators, and document evidence for security reports.

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• Authorized testing of access through reused tickets
• Checking detection of Kerberos ticket theft
• Collecting evidence for lateral movement reports

Investigate stolen Kerberos tickets, authentication credentials that can be reused without a password, by correlating Windows security events. Build Splunk or Elastic detection rules for cross-host reuse, weaker encryption, and unusual request volumes, and report risk-scored findings.

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• Investigating suspected reuse of stolen Kerberos tickets
• Building Splunk or Elastic detection rules
• Finding unusual ticket request volumes

Trace movement between Windows hosts in a CTF sandbox using credentials and Kerberos tickets, which carry authentication information. Connect recovered artifacts to the service that accepted them and document the resulting access or privileges.

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• Trace movement between Windows hosts
• Identify services that accept recovered credentials
• Connect Kerberos tickets to resulting access

Investigate Active Directory authentication logs with Splunk and KQL queries to find signs of Golden Ticket attacks, which use forged Kerberos authentication tickets. Examine encryption mismatches, missing ticket requests, unusual lifetimes, and account inconsistencies.

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• Hunting for forged tickets after credential theft
• Investigating encryption mismatches in authentication logs
• Checking for persistent access after incident response

Examine Windows credential material in a CTF sandbox, including LSASS memory and Kerberos tickets. Distinguish stored secrets from credentials that actually work, and document the evidence linking their source to successful authentication or resulting privileges.

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• Examining LSASS secrets and Windows logon sessions
• Checking whether recovered Kerberos tickets are usable
• Tracing DPAPI and SSP credential material

Investigate Kerberos delegation, which lets services act on another identity, in a CTF sandbox. Trace delegation settings, issued tickets, and service acceptance to document a reproducible trust path and the privileges it actually grants.

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• Identifying constrained, unconstrained, or resource-based delegation
• Tracing S4U steps and issued authentication tickets
• Verifying ticket acceptance and resulting privileges

Investigate forged Kerberos authentication tickets in Active Directory by checking Windows logs for unusual encryption, excessive ticket lifetimes, and missing authentication requests. Produce a JSON report of suspicious indicators with risk ratings.

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• Investigating suspected forged authentication tickets
• Checking for possible krbtgt credential theft
• Building detection rules from authentication logs

Assess an authorized Active Directory environment by simulating attacks against credentials, permissions, and trust relationships. Use BloodHound and related testing tools to identify paths to administrator access, evaluate detection capabilities, and document findings with remediation recommendations.

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• Assessing Active Directory security with written authorization
• Finding paths from ordinary users to administrator access
• Reviewing Kerberos and delegation settings

Assess Windows and Active Directory identity security within an authorized scope. Map accounts and permissions, investigate authentication and certificate weaknesses, and document paths that could allow an attacker to gain greater access.

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• Mapping Active Directory privilege escalation paths
• Reviewing Kerberos authentication weaknesses
• Testing AD CS certificate configuration weaknesses

Investigate Kerberoasting, an attack that targets service account passwords, using Active Directory authentication logs. Examine unusual service ticket requests, correlate endpoint and network evidence, and organize findings with risk levels and recommended response actions.

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• Hunting for unusual service ticket requests
• Investigating suspected service account password attacks
• Validating alerts and organizing response evidence

Support authorized security assessments of Microsoft Active Directory with guidance on environment discovery, credential risks, authentication weaknesses, and privilege escalation. The material organizes tools and workflows for penetration testing and controlled training environments.

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• Planning an authorized Active Directory assessment
• Exploring attack paths with BloodHound
• Reviewing authentication and privilege weaknesses

Analyze Windows identity and host evidence in CTF sandboxes. Connect authentication tickets, credentials, mailbox rules, and host activity to explain which services accept access and how movement between hosts occurs.

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• Tracing authentication tickets and tokens
• Investigating mailbox rules alongside identity events
• Building a timeline of Windows host evidence

Internal downstream skill for ctf-sandbox-orchestrator. CTF-sandbox workflow for Kerberos delegation, SPN trust edges, S4U abuse, RBCD, constrained or unconstrained delegation, and service-ticket acceptance. Use when the user asks about constrained delegation, unconstrained delegation, RBCD, S4U, SPNs, ticket acceptance, or how a Kerberos trust edge turns into effective privilege under sandbox assumptions. Use only after `$ctf-sandbox-orchestrator` has already established sandbox assumptions and routed here.

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Detect Golden Ticket attacks in Active Directory by analyzing Kerberos TGT anomalies including mismatched encryption types, impossible ticket lifetimes, non-existent accounts, and forged PAC signatures in domain controller event logs.

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Pass-the-Ticket (PtT) is a lateral movement technique that uses stolen Kerberos tickets (TGT or TGS) to authenticate to services without knowing the user's password. By extracting Kerberos tickets fro

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Detect Golden Ticket attacks in Active Directory by analyzing Kerberos TGT anomalies including mismatched encryption types, impossible ticket lifetimes, non-existent accounts, and forged PAC signatures in domain controller event logs.

中文简介正在准备中。当前显示原文说明。

Pass-the-Ticket (PtT) is a lateral movement technique that uses stolen Kerberos tickets (TGT or TGS) to authenticate to services without knowing the user's password. By extracting Kerberos tickets fro

中文简介正在准备中。当前显示原文说明。

Detect Golden Ticket attacks in Active Directory by analyzing Kerberos TGT anomalies including mismatched encryption types, impossible ticket lifetimes, non-existent accounts, and forged PAC signatures in domain controller event logs.

中文简介正在准备中。当前显示原文说明。

Pass-the-Ticket (PtT) is a lateral movement technique that uses stolen Kerberos tickets (TGT or TGS) to authenticate to services without knowing the user's password. By extracting Kerberos tickets fro

中文简介正在准备中。当前显示原文说明。

Investigate Pass-the-Hash attacks, where stolen password hashes are reused for authentication. Examine unusual NTLM logins alongside credential theft indicators, validate suspicious findings across security logs, and document evidence, affected hosts, confidence, and recommended responses.

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• Hunting for movement using stolen password hashes
• Triaging suspicious NTLM login alerts
• Assessing the scope of a compromise

Analyze Zeek network logs to find lateral movement, when an intruder spreads between internal computers. Examine administrative file sharing, authentication across multiple hosts, and remote service operations to identify suspicious connections and reconstruct incident timelines.

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• Tracing spread to other computers after an initial compromise
• Investigating unauthorized transfers to administrative shares
• Finding one account authenticating to many internal hosts

Deploy decoy accounts, service entries, and policy objects in Active Directory to detect suspicious activity. Configure monitoring rules for Windows security events and validate alerts for credential misuse, reconnaissance, and movement between systems.

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• Detecting Kerberoasting with decoy service entries
• Monitoring attempts to use decoy credentials
• Placing credential traps in decoy Group Policy objects

Assess Shadow Credentials account takeover during authorized Active Directory testing. Examine permissions that allow public key registration, validate authentication without a password reset, and document credential cleanup, detection opportunities, and access control changes needed for remediation.

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• Assessing risky permissions identified in BloodHound
• Validating account takeover without resetting a password
• Generating directory change records during security exercises

Provides connectivity, authentication, and troubleshooting guidance for Amazon RDS for SQL Server. Applicable when users ask about SSMS times out connecting from EC2, Cannot generate SSPI context with Windows auth, connect RDS SQL Server from Lambda with pymssql, auth_scheme shows NTLM instead of KERBEROS on ECS Fargate, SSM tunnel to RDS SQL Server from laptop, port 1433 security group, TrustServerCertificate=True for localhost tunnels, SPN MSSQLSvc, AWS Managed Microsoft AD, CNAME not RDS endpoint for Kerberos, tds_version='7.4', encryption='require', port-as-string for pymssql, Secrets Manager credential caching in Lambda, error 18456 login failed. Covers Python (pymssql, pyodbc), .NET (Microsoft.Data.SqlClient), Java (JDBC mssql-jdbc), Node.js (tedious), IAM auth via RDS Proxy, and VPC/ECS/EKS/Lambda deployment.

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