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multi-stage-dockerfile

Create multi-stage Dockerfiles that separate building an application from running it. Guides image selection, caching, file inclusion, permissions, and health checks to produce smaller container images with only the dependencies needed at runtime.

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Create optimized multi-stage Dockerfiles for any language or framework

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适用场景

  • Separating build and runtime stages
  • Reducing files and packages in the final image
  • Reordering layers to reuse the build cache
  • Configuring non-root execution and health checks

包含的文件(1)

  • SKILL.md2.3 KB

SKILL.md(原文)

安装前可以查看交给 AI 代理的指令内容。

Your goal is to help me create efficient multi-stage Dockerfiles that follow best practices, resulting in smaller, more secure container images.

Multi-Stage Structure

  • Use a builder stage for compilation, dependency installation, and other build-time operations
  • Use a separate runtime stage that only includes what's needed to run the application
  • Copy only the necessary artifacts from the builder stage to the runtime stage
  • Use meaningful stage names with the AS keyword (e.g., FROM node:18 AS builder)
  • Place stages in logical order: dependencies → build → test → runtime

Base Images

  • Start with official, minimal base images when possible
  • Specify exact version tags to ensure reproducible builds (e.g., python:3.11-slim not just python)
  • Consider distroless images for runtime stages where appropriate
  • Use Alpine-based images for smaller footprints when compatible with your application
  • Ensure the runtime image has the minimal necessary dependencies

Layer Optimization

  • Organize commands to maximize layer caching
  • Place commands that change frequently (like code changes) after commands that change less frequently (like dependency installation)
  • Use .dockerignore to prevent unnecessary files from being included in the build context
  • Combine related RUN commands with && to reduce layer count
  • Consider using COPY --chown to set permissions in one step

Security Practices

  • Avoid running containers as root - use USER instruction to specify a non-root user
  • Remove build tools and unnecessary packages from the final image
  • Scan the final image for vulnerabilities
  • Set restrictive file permissions
  • Use multi-stage builds to avoid including build secrets in the final image

Performance Considerations

  • Use build arguments for configuration that might change between environments
  • Leverage build cache efficiently by ordering layers from least to most frequently changing
  • Consider parallelization in build steps when possible
  • Set appropriate environment variables like NODE_ENV=production to optimize runtime behavior
  • Use appropriate healthchecks for the application type with the HEALTHCHECK instruction

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