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rust-anti-patterns

Identifies and fixes common Rust anti-patterns. Use during code review, when seeing excessive clones/unwraps/index loops, or when code fights the borrow checker instead of working with it.

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  • SKILL.md2.9 KB

SKILL.md(原文)

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Anti-Patterns

Layer 2: Design Choices

Core Question

Is this pattern hiding a design problem?

When reviewing code:

  • Is this solving the symptom or the cause?
  • Is there a more idiomatic approach?
  • Does this fight or flow with Rust?

Top 5 Beginner Mistakes

RankMistakeFix
1Clone to escape borrow checkerUse references
2Unwrap in productionPropagate with ?
3String for everythingUse &str
4Index loopsUse iterators
5Fighting lifetimesRestructure to own data

Anti-Pattern Reference

Anti-PatternWhy BadBetter
.clone() everywhereHides ownership issuesProper references or ownership
.unwrap() in productionRuntime panics?, expect, or matching
Rc when single ownerUnnecessary overheadSimple ownership
unsafe for convenienceUB riskFind safe pattern
OOP via DerefMisleading APIComposition, traits
Giant match armsUnmaintainableExtract to methods
String everywhereAllocation waste&str, Cow<str>
Ignoring #[must_use]Lost errorsHandle or let _ =

Code Smell → Refactoring

SmellIndicatesRefactoring
Many .clone()Ownership unclearClarify data flow
Many .unwrap()Error handling missingAdd proper handling
Many pub fieldsEncapsulation brokenPrivate + accessors
Deep nestingComplex logicExtract methods
Long functionsMultiple responsibilitiesSplit
Giant enumsMissing abstractionTrait + types

Quick Review Checklist

  • No .clone() without justification
  • No .unwrap() in library code
  • No pub fields with invariants
  • No index loops when iterator works
  • No String where &str suffices
  • No ignored #[must_use] warnings
  • No unsafe without // SAFETY: comment
  • No giant functions (>50 lines)

Deprecated → Better

DeprecatedBetter
Index-based loops.iter(), .enumerate()
collect::<Vec<_>>() then iterateChain iterators
Manual unsafe cellCell, RefCell
mem::transmute for castsas or TryFrom
Custom linked listVec, VecDeque
lazy_static!std::sync::OnceLock
once_cell::Lazystd::sync::LazyLock

Related Skills

  • ownership — fixing ownership anti-patterns
  • error-handling — replacing unwrap chains
  • performance — fixing allocation anti-patterns
  • type-driven-design — fixing primitive obsession

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