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management-deep-dive

Assess a company’s management through public statements, delivered commitments, crisis decisions, and use of company funds. Produce evidence-based scores for integrity, strategy, capital allocation, and governance, alongside a verdict on long-term trust.

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Deep management assessment — the 'buying a stock is buying a person' layer. For a company or a named executive, evaluate integrity (promise-vs-delivery tracking, crisis behavior, stakeholder treatment), ability (strategic foresight, execution, capital-allocation record) and governance (equity structure, compensation, related-party deals). Outputs a weighted score across integrity / ability / capital-allocation / governance plus Duan Yongping's 3-question verdict ('would you hand this person your money for 10 years'). Use when standard research leaves management quality uncertain, or when management IS the investment thesis.

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适用场景

  • Check whether executives delivered on past commitments
  • Review acquisitions, buybacks, dividends, and new ventures
  • Assess ownership, compensation, and related-party dealings
  • Evaluate succession plans and dependence on the CEO

包含的文件(1)

  • SKILL.md8.9 KB

SKILL.md(原文)

安装前可以查看交给 AI 代理的指令内容。

Management Deep Dive: Buying a Stock Is Buying a Person

Deep management research on a company (or person company).

"Buying a stock is buying a person. Find someone you trust, then hold long-term." — Duan Yongping

"To judge management, look at what they do when no one is watching." — Buffett

Design Philosophy

Most analysis stops at the surface: résumé, shareholding, compensation. But Buffett spends time talking with management, Li Lu says investing is fundamentally investing in people, Duan Yongping says buying a stock is buying a person.

AI can't have dinner with management, but it can via public information: ① track whether words match deeds (promises vs delivery); ② analyze the return of every major capital-allocation decision; ③ infer character from decisions made in hard times; ④ cross-check via employee / merchant / customer feedback.

Use when: standard research leaves management score uncertain (★★★ or below), or when management is the core investment logic.

Step 1: Identify Key People

Use web_search / get_stock_profile / get_sec_filings:

RoleNameTenureBackgroundShareholding/options
CEO/Chairman
CFO
Founder (if not in role)
Actual controller (if different from CEO)
Other key executives

Distinguish "who decides" from "whose name is on the title" — some founders remain the soul even after stepping down.

Then gather four data categories (sequentially via web_search + get_stock_news + get_financial_statements + get_sec_filings, or run_swarm): ① CEO public statements and prediction record; ② capital-allocation decisions (M&A / buybacks / dividends / new business); ③ governance and compensation; ④ side validation (employee / customer / industry reputation).

Step 2: CEO Circle of Competence

Strategic Foresight

Use web_search to collect the CEO's public statements over the past 5 years (shareholder letters, calls, interviews, social media); extract their judgments:

TimeCEO's judgment/predictionActual outcomeAccuracy
"We believe market X will..."X actually...✅/❌

Key questions: Has the CEO made correct calls ahead of the market? Stayed calm when everyone was bullish? Is their industry understanding independent or following the crowd?

Execution

DimensionAssessmentEvidence
Strategy-to-executionDid they do what they said?
OrganizationCan they attract and retain talent?
Crisis handlingHow do they respond to difficulty?
Iteration speedHow fast do they correct mistakes?

Step 3: Integrity Assessment (most important)

Buffett: "We look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence, and energy. Without the first, the other two will kill you."

Promise-vs-Delivery Tracking

Extract specific commitments from the past 3 years (calls, letters, interviews) via get_sec_filings / web_search / get_stock_news:

#TimeCommitmentOccasionDeliveryRating
1"X business profitable in 2025"2024 annual call✅/⚠️/❌
Delivery rateRating
>80%Excellent — does what it says
60-80%Acceptable — right direction, execution gaps
40-60%Concerning — over-promises, under-delivers
<40%Serious problem — untrustworthy

Behavior in Hard Times

Search for major crises (price crash, earnings miss, regulatory shock, competition); analyze management's response: proactive comms or hiding? Internal attribution or blaming external? Used the crisis to do the hard right thing or to pander short-term?

Treatment of Stakeholders

StakeholderAttitudeEvidenceRating
ShareholdersRespect/ignore/exploit
EmployeesTreat well/exploit/ignore
Customers/usersCustomer-first/short-term extract
Merchants/suppliersFair/extreme price pressure
Regulator/societyCompliant/corner-cutting

Step 4: Capital Allocation

Buffett's most-valued ability — for every dollar earned, how much does management turn it into?

Search past 5 years of capital decisions (web_search / get_financial_statements); score each:

M&A record: time / target / amount / strategic logic / after-the-fact return / score(1-5)

Buybacks (use financial_rigor command=verify_valuation to check PE at buyback time vs now): time / amount / avg price / PE then / retrospective / score(1-5)

Dividends: year / amount / payout ratio / vs FCF / sustainable

New business investment: time / area / cumulative spend / status / return / score(1-5)

Capital Allocation Score

DimensionScore(1-5)Notes
M&A disciplineRight price? Integration?
Buyback timingBuy low, stop high?
Dividend rationalityPayout vs FCF?
New businessSuccess rate? Stop-loss discipline?
Cash managementReasonable reserves? Hoarding?
Overall

Step 5: Governance

Equity Structure

ItemDetailRisk
Dual-class / super-voting?
Founder/controller stake?
VIE structure?
Independent directors truly independent?
Recent major-holder changes?

Compensation

ExecutiveTotal annual comp% of net incomevs peersReasonable?

Is incentive aligned with long-term shareholders or encouraging short-term behavior?

Related-Party Transactions

Related partyTransactionAmountArm's length?Risk

Step 6: Side Validation

AI can't meet face-to-face, but cross-check via public channels:

  • Employee view: web_search for Glassdoor ratings, discussions (mark platforms requiring login as "user can supplement") — culture, management rating, intensity, compensation, growth.
  • Customer/merchant view: App Store ratings, complaints, merchant forums.
  • Industry reputation: peer and insider views on this management.

Step 7: Post-CEO Scenario

Buffett: "A great company should be one that a fool can run — because eventually one will."

  • If the CEO left tomorrow, would the company run normally?
  • How deep is the management team? A clear successor?
  • Is the competitive advantage dependent on the CEO personally or on organization/system?
  • Have past management transitions been smooth?

Step 8: Output

Structure: ① Key people overview; ② Integrity (delivery rate + hard times + stakeholders); ③ Ability (foresight + execution + capital allocation); ④ Governance; ⑤ Side validation; ⑥ Overall score and verdict.

Overall Score

DimensionWeightScore(1-5)Weighted
Integrity35%
Strategy & execution25%
Capital allocation25%
Governance15%
Total100%

Duan Yongping's 3 Questions

  1. Is this person honest? (truthful, doesn't take advantage of shareholders)
  2. Is this person capable? (strategic foresight + execution + capital allocation)
  3. Would you hand this person your money for 10 years?

All three "yes" = ★★★★★; first two "yes" = ★★★★; only the first "yes" = ★★★; first is "no" = ★ (don't invest).

Step 9: Save

Use write_file to reports/{company}-management-{YYYYMMDD}.md. Then report_audit (extract → verify → verdict) as a quality gate on the numbers.

Key Principles

  • Integrity is a veto — ability can be learned; character can't be fixed.
  • Watch behavior, not words — what they say doesn't matter; what they do does.
  • Truth shows in hard times — everyone's a good CEO in a tailwind.
  • Capital allocation is the ultimate exam — making money is easy; allocating it well is hard.
  • Don't fall in love with management — stay objective; even someone you admire can make big mistakes.

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