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java-best-practices

Apply core Effective Java patterns for robust, maintainable code. Use when applying SOLID principles, choosing between inheritance and composition, refactoring Java code smells, or reviewing class design.

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包含的文件(3)

  • SKILL.md1.9 KB
  • evals/evals.json3.3 KB
  • references/example.md2.0 KB

SKILL.md(原文)

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Java Best Practices

Priority: P1 (HIGH)

Implementation Guidelines

  • Immutability: Prefer immutable objects (final fields, unmodifiable collections).
  • Access Modifiers: Minimize visibility. Default to package-private (no modifier). Use private for all fields. Only public for API contracts.
  • Composition > Inheritance: Favor Has-A over Is-A. Avoid deep hierarchies.
  • Constructors: Use Static Factory Methods (User.of()) over complex constructors.
  • Builder Pattern: Use for objects with 4+ parameters.
  • Exceptions: Recoverable → Checked; Programming error → Unchecked.
  • Fail Fast: Validate parameters (Objects.requireNonNull) at method start.
  • Interfaces: Code to interfaces (List, Map), not implementations (ArrayList).
  • Dependency Injection: Inject dependencies via constructor; don't create them internally.
  • Method References: Use String::toUpperCase over s -> s.toUpperCase() where readable.

Anti-Patterns

  • No Null Returns: Return Optional<T> or empty collection instead.
  • No Empty Catch: Log or rethrow; never swallow exceptions silently.
  • No God Class: Split into focused classes following Single Responsibility Principle.
  • No Magic Numbers: Extract named constants with clear meaning.
  • No Mutable Statics: Avoid public static mutable fields (global state).

References

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